Animal Ingestion and Digestion

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Questions and Answers

What is the process of breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules through chemical hydrolysis?

Excretion

Chemical digestion (correct)

Pinocytosis

Phagocytosis

Which process allows animals to acquire the necessary energy, organic molecules, and essential nutrients from the digested food?

Ingestion

Extracellular digestion

Intracellular digestion

Absorption (correct)

What is the removal of metabolic wastes, including carbon dioxide and water from cell respiration and nitrogenous wastes from protein metabolism?

Excretion (correct)

Absorption

Digestion

Ingestion

What type of digestion aids in physically breaking down food particles for easier chemical digestion?

Mechanical digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces urea, a nitrogenous waste?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What are the three nitrogenous wastes mentioned in the text?

Ammonia, urea, uric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of salivary amylase in the mouth?

It begins the chemical breakdown of starch Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis in the digestive system?

It prevents food from entering the windpipe Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pepsin in the stomach?

It begins the digestion of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile in the small intestine?

It acts as an emulsifier to breakdown fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of villi in the small intestine?

Absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the villi?

Absorption of amino acids, vitamins and monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rennin in the stomach?

Aids in digestion of proteins in milk Signup and view all the answers

How does the cardiac sphincter contribute to digestion?

Prevents food from entering the windpipe Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microvilli on epithelial cells?

Greatly increases rate of nutrient absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily absorbed by lacteals in the small intestine?

Fatty acids and glycerol Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Hydrolysis

Breaking down complex molecules into simpler molecules is achieved through chemical hydrolysis.
Involves the addition of water to cleave chemical bonds, facilitating digestion.

Energy Acquisition

Animals obtain energy, organic molecules, and essential nutrients from digested food through the process of metabolism.
Metabolic processes involve breaking down food into usable forms.

Waste Removal

Metabolic waste removal includes excretion of carbon dioxide and water from cellular respiration.
Nitrogenous wastes from protein metabolism are also eliminated.

Physical Digestion

Mechanical digestion aids in physically breaking down food into smaller particles.
This process enhances the effectiveness of chemical digestion.

Urea Production

The liver is responsible for producing urea, a primary nitrogenous waste product.
Urea is formed as a result of amino acid metabolism.

Nitrogenous Wastes

Key nitrogenous wastes include urea, ammonia, and uric acid.
These wastes are products of protein breakdown and require excretion.

Salivary Amylase Role

Salivary amylase, secreted in the mouth, initiates the digestion of carbohydrates.
It catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into maltose and other sugars.

Epiglottis Function

The epiglottis acts as a flap that ensures food passes into the esophagus and not the trachea during swallowing.
It prevents aspiration and ensures proper routing of ingested materials.

Pepsin Role

Pepsin is an enzyme in the stomach that begins the digestion of proteins into peptides.
Activated from pepsinogen, it works effectively in the acidic environment.

Bile Function

Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aids in the emulsification of fats in the small intestine.
It increases the surface area for lipase action during fat digestion.

Villi Role

Villi are tiny, finger-like projections lining the small intestine, increasing surface area for nutrient absorption.
They enhance the efficiency of the absorption process.

Capillary Function in Villi

Capillaries in the villi transport absorbed nutrients directly into the bloodstream.
This facilitates the delivery of nutrients to cells throughout the body.

Rennin Purpose

Rennin, located in the stomach, curdles milk, aiding in its digestion in infants.
It helps break down casein, a milk protein, allowing for efficient nutrient absorption.

Cardiac Sphincter Contribution

The cardiac sphincter (lower esophageal sphincter) prevents backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus.
It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the digestive tract.

Microvilli Function

Microvilli are micro-scale projections on epithelial cells that further increase the surface area for absorption.
They enhance nutrient uptake and improve the efficiency of the digestive process.

Lacteals Absorption

Lacteals are specialized lymphatic vessels in the villi that primarily absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins.
They transport these nutrients into the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream.

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Description

This quiz covers the process of animal ingestion and the different ways in which animals take in food. It also includes the methods of digestion, such as intracellular and extracellular digestion, as well as mechanical and chemical digestion.