Animal Husbandry: Goat and Sheep Management

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of providing high-quality forages to pregnant dry does?

To improve weight gain before the breeding season

To help build reserves for lactation and nourish developing fetuses (correct)

To reduce the demand for concentrates

To encourage immediate milk production

During which period should breeding bucks receive concentrates to ensure optimal performance?

Two weeks before and during the breeding season (correct)

As soon as the breeding season starts

Only when they are not breeding

Only after the breeding season

What is the main nutrient requirement for dry ewes during the last trimester of pregnancy?

Medium-quality pastures with adequate minerals (correct)

Vitamins only with no focus on minerals

High-quality grains

Concentrated protein sources in abundance

Why should ram lambs be separated from female lambs after three months?

To avoid unintended mating Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant method for managing breeding rams before joining ewes?

Inducing moderate liveweight gains with concentrates Signup and view all the answers

How much space is required per adult animal in the housing specifications?

1 m2 Signup and view all the answers

What height is recommended for the fencing of goats?

1.5 m high Signup and view all the answers

Which material should be used for the corner posts according to the specifications?

HARDWOOD (yakal) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having a lambing/kidding pen?

To provide a safe area for birthing Signup and view all the answers

What type of floor is recommended for the house to facilitate manure removal?

Concrete ground floor Signup and view all the answers

Which species of live fence is NOT mentioned in the housing specifications?

Moringa oleifera Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the feed bunk in the housing setup?

To prevent disturbance during feeding Signup and view all the answers

For which age group is 0.75 – 1.25 m² of space required?

For imported animals under one year Signup and view all the answers

What is one management practice necessary to avoid lameness in goats?

Regular hoof trimming Signup and view all the answers

What does the semi-extensive system of goat husbandry typically involve?

Native and improved pastures with some confinement Signup and view all the answers

What behavior is typical of a doe approaching freshening?

Mild restlessness and pawing at bedding Signup and view all the answers

What benefit does integrating goats into plantation agriculture provide?

Minimized labor for herbage clearing Signup and view all the answers

During what period is the udder and teats of a doe expected to enlarge before kidding?

Two months before freshening Signup and view all the answers

Which feed type is commonly used in a stall-feeding system for dairy goats?

Roughage and concentrates Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to record breeding dates in goat husbandry?

To anticipate birthing dates Signup and view all the answers

What physical sign indicates a doe might be impending kidding several days prior?

Slightly opaque vaginal discharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for buck kids after they are three months old?

They should be separated and given a higher energy ration. Signup and view all the answers

Which management practice helps prevent 'foot rot' in animals?

Hoof trimming Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after a kid is born?

Wipe its body dry to keep it warm. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dipping a newborn's navel in iodine?

To prevent infection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of ensuring that offspring suckle colostrum?

It provides essential nutrients and antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average estrous cycle length for goats?

21 days Signup and view all the answers

At what age is the first breeding typically recommended for goats?

8-12 months Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of estrus in goats?

Mucous discharge from vulva Signup and view all the answers

What is the gestation period for sheep?

144-151 days Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical sign of contagious ecthyma?

Scabby lesions on the lips Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main transmission modes of caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

Through colostrum from infected mothers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of reproductive failure?

Herd overcrowding Signup and view all the answers

How often should serviceable bucks be swapped to prevent inbreeding?

Every 2 to 3 years Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is NOT available for caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

None available Signup and view all the answers

What is the average age of puberty for female goats?

4-8 months Signup and view all the answers

In Sorsogon, how often should deworming be conducted?

Every month Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical sign observed in caprine arthritis and encephalitis?

Hard udder Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical weaning age for goats?

2-4 months Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Small Ruminant Industry Status

Sheep production focuses on meat and wool, with 50,000 households involved. Most rely on supplemental income.
Goats produce meat, milk, and fiber (cashmere and mohair). They are considered a "poor man's cow" with 98.7% households supplementing income.
Goats have a high return on investment (ROI) due to their quick maturity, handled often by women and children. Goats also have higher fertility (multiple births).

Goat Production Details

Religious prohibitions against exporting goat products in some regions are not prevalent.
Goats are beneficial for nursing mothers (e.g., in Korea and Malaysia) and are a more affordable option than beef.

Sheep Breeds and Selection

Philippine Native, Barbados Blackbelly, St. Croix, Anglo-Nubian, Boer, Saanen, Toggenburg, and Alpine are mentioned breeds.
Breed selection focuses on factors like maturity weight, milk production, lactation period, and temperament (domestication).

Culling Considerations (Physical Appearance)

Issues like over/undershot jaws, cryptorchidism, extra teats, unusual leg/foot conditions, poor size, and maternal instincts are reasons for culling.

Housing and Equipment

Fencing: 1.5m high hog wire (every 3-4 meters), Hardwood corner posts and live fences are common.
Housing size and specifications vary based on animal type, age, and the season.
Components of good housing include a production, growing, experimental and isolation pen.
Housing must be elevated, well ventilated, and sloped to protect from weather and allow for waste management.

Nutrition

Goats are browsers, consuming a wide variety of feed types.
Sheep are grazers, preferring leafy and nutritious parts.
Roughage for sheep is less efficiently utilized compared to goats.
Nutritional requirements (energy, protein) differ significantly across various life stages for both species (maintenance, growth, gestation, lactation)

Breeding and Reproduction

Sexual maturity for goats and sheep happens within 5-6 months or 8-12 months (respectively).
Estrous cycles and estrus durations are highlighted for each species.
Key indicators of estrus include behavioral changes, mounting behavior, and discharge from the vulva.
Gestation periods are stated.
Breeding age, and mating intervals are also highlighted.

Herd Health Program

Common health issues (hypoglycemia/weak lambs and kids, posterior paralysis in bucks, gastrointestinal parasitism) and their corresponding preventive measures are noted.
Non-specific respiratory and traumatic injuries are identified as major herd health issues.
Common diseases in goats and sheep (caseous lymphadenitis, contagious ophthalmia, contagious ecthyma) and their diagnostic traits.
Necessary preventive measures are noted.

Management Practices

Creep-feeding, concentrate supplementation, and lactation needs are highlighted.
Breeding buck/ram selection, care and management are outlined.
Post-natal issues and treatments like ear tagging and deworming are noted.
Housing requirements and conditions are discussed.

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Description

This quiz focuses on crucial aspects of goat and sheep management, covering topics such as nutrition, breeding, and housing specifications. Test your knowledge on the key practices to ensure proper care and performance during various life stages of these animals.