Animal Handling Techniques

Study Notes

Rodents can be transported to a new destination using a tunnel or restrainer, or by cupping them with open hands or using the V method.
The V method involves placing the head between the index and middle fingers, and supporting the chest with the thumb and last two fingers.

Increased heart rate and hunched posture are physical signs of stress in rodents.
Flattened body against a surface, piloerection, and rapid movement are other physical signs of stress.
Reduced movement, altered grooming behaviour, avoidance of interaction, aggressive behaviour, and excessive startle response are behavioral signs of stress.
Reduced exploration, reduced appetite, vocalization, and changes in body temperature are also indicative of stress.

Rats build nests using materials like twigs and leaves for shelter and protection.
Nest-building is an instinctive behavior in rats.

The 3R principle in animal welfare consists of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement.
Replacement principle aims to find alternative methods that avoid or replace the use of animals in scientific experiments.
Reduction principle aims to minimize the number of animals used in experiments.
Refinement principle aims to improve experimental procedures to minimize suffering, distress, or lasting harm to animals.

Researchers can apply the 3R principle by using computer simulation, in vitro studies, and cell cultures to replace animals in experiments.
Optimizing study design, improving statistical techniques, and adopting innovative technology can help reduce the number of animals used.
Using anesthesia and analgesia, and providing enrichments can help refine experimental procedures.

Handling rodents gently and avoiding sudden movements can reduce disruptions.
Sticking to a consistent daily routine for feeding and cleaning, and avoiding overcrowding in cages can also reduce disruptions.

The Scruff method involves grasping the skin at the neck to handle rodents.
The Tail handling method involves grasping the base of the tail between the thumb and forefinger.

Changes in skin and fur, eyes and mucous membranes, body systems, and behavior patterns should be observed in rats undergoing sub-acute toxicity study.