Questions and Answers
The largest operating cost in a livestock production enterprise is the ______ bill.
feed
Laboratory analyses of the composition of ______ or forage are used to assess their nutritive value.
feed
The ______ component represents the least digestible fiber portion of forage or other roughage.
fibrous
Acid Detergent Insoluble Crude Protein (ADICP) is the ______ protein fraction remaining in the acid detergent fiber residue of a feed sample.
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Fungal or mold growth in or on foods and ______ can result in the production of many different types of toxic biochemicals.
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As a group, these toxic substances are commonly called ______.
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The term ______ refers to a particular group of mycotoxins produced by some species of the genus Aspergillus.
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Fungal (or mold) growth and ______ contamination are the consequence of interactions among the fungi, the host (foods or feeds) and the environment.
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The residue containing inorganic mineral elements of a feed sample, determined in a laboratory by burning the sample at a high temperature (removing the organic matter) and weighing the residue (i.e., ______).
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Cellulose is a major structural ______ that is present in plant cell walls.
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Concentrates refer to animal feeds that are rich in energy and/or ______ but low in fiber, such as corn, soybean meal, oats, wheat, etc.
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Crude ______ is an estimate of the total fat content of feeds taken from older collection of methods known as proximate methodology.
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Study Notes
Animal Feeding and Nutrition
- The largest operating cost in a livestock production enterprise is the feed bill, and to minimize this cost, it is essential to supply the right amount of feed to animals, as overfeeding is wasteful and underfeeding decreases animal performance and profitability.
Feed Composition Analysis
- Laboratory analyses of feed or forage assess their nutritive value, partitioning organic and mineral components in a feed sample.
Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF)
- ADF represents the least digestible fiber portion of forage or other roughage, including lignin, cellulose, silica, and insoluble forms of nitrogen, but not hemicellulose.
Acid Detergent Insoluble Crude Protein (ADICP) or Acid Detergent Fiber-Crude Protein (ADFCP)
- ADICP (or ADFCP) is the insoluble protein fraction remaining in the acid detergent fiber residue of a feed sample, which escapes ruminal breakdown and is unavailable to the animal.
Aflatoxins
- Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by some species of the genus Aspergillus, contaminants of foods and feeds, resulting from fungal or mold growth in or on foods and feed.
Ash
- Ash is the residue containing inorganic mineral elements of a feed sample, determined by burning the sample at a high temperature and weighing the residue.
By-pass Protein
- By-pass protein is the portion of intake protein with a slow rate of degradability in the rumen, fed to escape digestion in the rumen and be digested in the small intestine, providing a balance of amino acids unaltered by microbial digestion and synthesis.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are biochemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the main source of energy for animals.
Cellulose
- Cellulose is a major structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls, an unbranched chain of 7,000 to 15,000 glucose molecules linked together by β-1,4 bonds.
Concentrates
- Concentrates are animal feeds rich in energy and/or protein but low in fiber, such as corn, soybean meal, oats, wheat, etc.
Crude Fat
- Crude fat is an estimate of the total fat content of feeds, containing true fat (triglycerides) as well as alcohols, waxes, terpenes, steroids, pigments, ester, aldehydes, and other lipids.
Crude Fiber (CF)
- Crude Fiber is an older proximate method dividing carbohydrates into digestible and indigestible fractions, where higher CF content indicates lower energy content in the feed.
Crude Protein (CP)
- Proteins are organic compounds composed of building blocks called amino acids, a major component of vital organs, tissues, and fluids in animals.
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Description
Understand the importance of proper animal feeding and nutrition in livestock production, including the consequences of overfeeding and underfeeding. Learn how to assess the nutritive value of feed and forage through laboratory analyses.
