Animal Disease Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following signs is NOT commonly exhibited by a diseased organism?

Pyrexia (fever)

Anorexia

Lethargy

Increased activity levels (correct)

Which environmental factor can lead to excessive cooling of animals?

Rain (correct)

High humidity

Air movement

Solar radiation

What type of disease is caused by helminths and can affect livestock?

Protozoan diseases

Bacterial diseases

Endoparasitic diseases (correct)

Fungal diseases

In the context of livestock diseases, which condition is classified as a deficiency disease?

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is primarily used for disease diagnosis in animals?

History taking Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of animal management to track issues like disease or nutritional problems?

Record keeping practices Signup and view all the answers

Which management practice focuses on preventing disease spread in animal production facilities?

Biosecurity Signup and view all the answers

What core principle is necessary for effective sanitation and disease control in large-scale animal operations?

Manure management Signup and view all the answers

How can diseases be transmitted in animal husbandry environments?

By aerosol, direct contact, or contaminated objects Signup and view all the answers

Which record-keeping element would likely be included in an effective management system for animal husbandry?

Daily feeding rations Signup and view all the answers

In addition to optimizing animal health, veterinarians also play a crucial role in what area?

Public health and food safety Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically included in record-keeping for livestock management?

Animal grooming techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the finishing phase in beef cattle management?

To add muscle and fat to tissues for consumer preferences Signup and view all the answers

During which phase are calves typically weaned from their mothers?

Cow-calf phase Signup and view all the answers

What influences the decision to background or stocker calves?

Market conditions and feed prices Signup and view all the answers

In beef cattle management, what is the typical weight range of calves at weaning?

300-600 pounds Signup and view all the answers

What does the preconditioning process for calves include?

Vaccinations, deworming, and castration Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of backgrounding in beef cattle management?

To prepare and condition calves while managing for disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of feedlots in beef cattle management?

They vary greatly in size and capacity Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered when determining the timing of the calving season?

Temperature changes Signup and view all the answers

What treatment might calves receive before leaving the cow-calf operation?

Castrating and vaccinating Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason male chicks are culled in poultry production?

They do not produce eggs or meat efficiently. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do pullets typically begin to lay eggs?

18 to 21 weeks Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is critical in ensuring proper egg production and shell quality in pullets?

Body weight and composition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of light management in the rearing of pullets?

To ensure consistent feed intake. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the molting process in laying hens?

Old feathers are shed and new feathers grow. Signup and view all the answers

In a three-cycle system, what is the maximum productive lifespan for laying hens?

140 to 150 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic of broiler chickens in modern poultry production?

They are bred primarily for meat production. Signup and view all the answers

What does vertical integration in poultry production entail?

Consolidation of various production stages under one company. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'all-in, all-out' mean in broiler production?

A new flock is introduced on the same day that the previous flock leaves. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of light exposure on pullet development?

It influences growth and onset of sexual maturity. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a common practice in sheep operations?

Natural breeding is most common in meat and fiber sheep operations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for castrating bucklings in goat management?

To prevent aggressive behavior and improve management. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for female goats that are less than one year of age?

Kids Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is NOT commonly associated with the process of goat castration?

Hormonal treatment Signup and view all the answers

What management practice is essential for optimal animal health and performance?

Implementing proper sanitation practices. Signup and view all the answers

How are disinfectants designed to affect bacteria?

Destruction of the bacterial cell structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of properly disposing manure and feed waste?

It prevents potential disease outbreaks. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is an effective means of disinfection but is often limited due to cost?

Hot air disinfection. Signup and view all the answers

What kind of animals must be segregated to maintain a hygienic environment?

Sick animals from the rest of the herd. Signup and view all the answers

What describes the involvement of kids with colostrum?

Consuming it is crucial for receiving antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

ZOOT 1100 - Principles of Animal Production and Economics

This course introduces animal husbandry and health management.
The course is taught by Elfren F. Celestino Jr., DVSM, PhD.

Topic Overview

Animal Husbandry:
- Swine Management
- Dairy Cattle Management
- Beef Cattle Management
- Poultry Management
- Sheep and Goat Management
Animal Health:
- Hygienic/Sanitary Practices
- Disease Conditions and Diagnoses
- Treatment
- Control and Prevention

Introduction

Animal management practices range from small backyard herds to large-scale operations.
Larger operations require more focus on sanitation, manure management biosecurity, disease control, ventilation, housing, nutrition, supply chain management, transportation, and detailed records.
Management practices encompass genetics, replacement stock, temperature control, lighting, and the timing of production stages.
Common practices include environmental control, biosecurity (preventing disease agents), and balanced nutrition.
Disease transmission can occur through aerosol, direct contact, or contact with contaminated objects.
Record keeping is vital for improving animal production.
Records are taken daily or weekly to track production efficiency, costs, and to detect issues such as disease or nutritional issues.
Records may include feed consumption details, ration types, feed delivery dates, water consumed, daily mortalities, vaccination dates, and vaccine products used.
Veterinarians play a key role in farm and food processing facilities by optimizing animal health, safeguarding food supply, and public health.
They may work in private practice or for commercial production companies or regulatory agencies.
Veterinarians are involved in food safety from animal production through processing to delivery to the consumer.

Introduction (continued)

Volume of livestock and poultry production in the Philippines varied from 2015 to 2019.

Introduction (continued - Table 2)

Inventory of livestock and poultry by animal type (Philippines: 2015-2019) - Number of heads/birds.

Swine Management

Swine production involves four phases: Breeding/Gestation (16-20 weeks), Farrowing (3 weeks), Nursery (5-7 weeks), and Finishing (10-14 weeks).
Breeding typically uses artificial insemination.
Pregnant sows are moved to individual pens or stalls in the farrowing barn.
Farrowing and lactation occur together until pigs are weaned.
Sows sometimes return to the breeding facility or are sent to market.
Weaned pigs are transferred to nursery or wean-to-finish facilities.
Methods for feed delivery exist from automated systems to manual systems.
Feed is the most significant production cost (accounts for over 65% of expenses).
Pigs are monogastrics; thus partial processing of feed ingredients aids nutrient utilization.

Dairy Cattle Management

Dairy products include fluid milk, ice cream, butter, cheese, yogurt, etc.
Dairy operations add to beef production.
Common animals on a dairy include lactating and dry cows, replacement heifers, calves, and bulls.
Seven common breeds of dairy cattle: Ayrshire, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Red & White, Holstein, Jersey, and Milking Shorthorn.
A dairy cow's productive life has various stages, including impregnation, birth, and subsequent pregnancies.
Lactating cows have various feed requirements depending on factors such as production amount, pregnancy, and health.
After calving, cows produce colostrum which is not given to humans initially.
Milk containing drug residues is not sold, disposed, or given to pre-weaned calves.
Fresh cows can be milked up to six times a day.
Dry cows (not currently producing milk, and expecting to give birth in a set timeframe) are housed separately and eat less feed.
Replacement heifers range in development from pre-weaning (6 months) to pre-fresh (24 months).
Calves need colostrum 6 hours after birth and should consume 12-15% of their body weight.
Cattle fed in various production stages (e.g. fattening, lactation) require highly concentrated feed.
Feed is the costliest input for dairy.

Beef Cattle Management

Three phases in beef production (cow-calf, growing, and finishing).
Cow-calf phase lasts from birth to weaning (6-10 months) where calves are raised.
Finishing phase takes up to 7 months, depending on size, and is followed by entering a feedlot to increase body size and weight.
Beef herds typically calve in a single season, with choices depending on factors such as management, feed, forage, and variations in the market.
Heifer calves are sometimes divided into two groups: replacements and feedlot.
Calves for feedlots may undergo vaccination, dehorning, and castration.
Calves are typically weaned around 6-10 months of age, weighing between 300-600 pounds.
Preconditioning and backgrounding are two common processes for feedlots for preparing calves for the feedlot.
Feedlots can range in size and include small farmer-feeders to large capacity feed lots.
The goal of the feedlot process is to increase the muscle and marbling of cattle.
Feedlots include various facilities: earthen, concrete, and confinement lots.
Feedlot management focuses on feeding and health standards.

Poultry Management

Laying hens lay eggs for the commercial market.
Eggs are inspected using candling for defects.
Layers are raised beginning with a chick.
Poultry operations include specific processes for sexual classification (e.g., feather/vent sexing).
Male chicks are removed (culled).
Broiler chickens are raised for meat production and utilize a single-age, “all-in, all-out” system to reduce disease transmission.
Broiler chickens utilize specific brooding and growing-out stages for optimal body weight and temperature control.
Chickens are graded into first-quality or culls. Deformed or abnormally developed chickens are either destroyed or separated out.

Sheep and Goat Management

Sheep and goats are multi-use species producing meat, wool, and milk.
Newly born sheep are called lambs, female lambs are called ewe lambs, and male lambs are called ram lambs.
Lambs must be given colostrum within 12 hours of birth.
Female sheep are referred to as ewes which are sexually mature.
Most sheep kept in a farm or flock need regular hoof trimming.
Pregnancy in sheep lasts about 150 days, with twins being a favorable outcome.
Intact male sheep can be called rams.
Artificial insemination is used, typically within dairy or other purebred operations.
Castrated male sheep are called wethers, with benefits for both management and production.
Male sheep are castrated, a process that includes banding, emasculation, or surgical excision.
Goats are referred to as kids, with female goat kids called doelings and male kids called bucklings.
Dairy goats are weaned between 6-12 weeks of age.
Meat goat kids can remain with their mothers for 4-6 months, whereas doelings reach sexual maturity around 6-8 months of age.
Goat estrus occurs and is often manipulated using hormones or lights when presented with a male goat.
Bucklings are castrated for management and production benefits.
Castration commonly occurs in the first 1-2 weeks of life.

Animal Health

Hygienic/Sanitary Practices:
- Measures for optimal animal health and performance.
- Sanitization removes harmful germs and parasites.
- Sanitizing agents control bacteria on surfaces, and disinfectants eliminate bacteria and parasites.
- Proper ventilation, manure handling, proper drainage, appropriate feeding and watering utensils, and bedding are significant aspects of hygienic/sanitary practices.
Disease Conditions and Diagnoses:
- Disease is any deviation from normal functioning.
- Common signs of disease include lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia (fever), and depression.
- Environmental factors, such as temperature, humidity, air movement, and location, might contribute to outbreaks or issues for animals.
- Management practices, such as proper hygiene, nutrition, and handling, impact disease risk.
Classification of Disease:
- This section details bacterial, viral, protozoan, rickettsial, and fungal diseases and parasitic infestations with various preventative practices.
Disease Diagnosis:
- Diagnostic methods include a thorough history, physical examination, and laboratory testing (e.g., blood, urine, organ tissues).

Treatment

Route of Administration:
- Oral (through the mouth), parenteral (through injection), topical, and pulmonary (inhalation) routes are used for drug delivery.
Drug Administration Techniques:
- Various techniques are available for administering drugs (oral, intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, or others).
- Factors like animal size, type of drug, handling, and physical environment can influence the selected technique and dosage.
Treatment Techniques and Limitations:
- Specific limitations of different techniques were detailed, addressing considerations such as absorption, animal stress, and drug type.
Classes of Veterinary Drugs: include antibacterial, antiprotozoans, anthelmintics, antifungals, antidiarrheals, and anti-inflammatory/analgesics.
Ethno-Veterinary Medicine:
- This section details the use of plant-based remedies.
- Indigenous knowledge is sometimes utilized, but methods lack adequate standardization.

Control and Prevention

Immunization:
- Immune system (innate and adaptive immunity), types of immunity (natural and acquired, active and passive) and concepts on vaccinating animals.
Vaccine Failure:
- Causes of vaccine failure (weak animals/stress) were detailed.
General Prevention Measures:
- Comprehensive measures such as health programs, reliable animal sources, hygiene, vaccination scheduling, animal observation, waste disposal, records, methods, treatment and surveillance and control measures were specified.
Control of Disease Outbreaks:
- Procedures for preventing and managing disease outbreaks - including animal containment.

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Description

Test your knowledge on livestock diseases, their signs, and management practices. This quiz covers essential aspects of animal health, diagnosis methods, and disease prevention strategies in farming. Answer questions about how to effectively manage and track health issues in livestock environments.