Animal Defense Mechanisms: Camouflage and Evasion
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason animals need strategies to aid survival?

  • They are vulnerable to a wide range of predators (correct)
  • They need to minimise contact with predators
  • They need to optimise vigilance
  • They are always detected by predators

    • What is camouflage primarily about?

  • Avoiding detection by smell
  • Avoiding detection by touch
  • Avoiding detection by sound
  • Avoiding visual detection (correct)

    • What is the main difference between fixed camouflage and adaptive camouflage?

  • Fixed camouflage is more effective
  • Fixed camouflage is only found in vertebrates
  • Adaptive camouflage can change in different contexts (correct)
  • Fixed camouflage is only found in invertebrates

    • What is the purpose of the experiment with caterpillars and white poplar/willow?

    <p>To study the effect of diet on colour change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Chaoborus larvae need to be fed to different extents?

    <p>To measure the index of gut fullness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of predators that invertebrates are vulnerable to?

    <p>Other invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of masquerading as an object?

    <p>To avoid being detected as prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of instars in the context of camouflage?

    <p>They are a stage of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of adopting strategies to minimise contact with predators?

    <p>Reducing risk of detection partially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crypsis?

    <p>A type of camouflage that involves avoiding visual detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of predators to identify a common shape or symmetry?

    <p>Face pareidolia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a dark component in a disruptive camouflage?

    <p>To merge with the background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a moth's asymmetric pattern in terms of survival rate?

    <p>It increases the survival rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of an animal changing its physical appearance to match its surroundings?

    <p>Colour matching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why the black form of the peppered moth is more common in polluted areas?

    <p>Because of the deposition of atmospheric pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the experiment with the pygmy grasshopper in Sweden?

    <p>It showed that populations can respond to similar changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the digital photograph taken in the human predator experiment?

    <p>To compare the initial and final positions of the moth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the experiment with the J.fuscaria moths with impaired vision?

    <p>They were unable to position themselves correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using an uncoloured reflective surface for background matching?

    <p>It does not require pigments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are yellow spiders only present on yellow flowers?

    <p>Because they are able to change colour to match the flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of camouflage strategies that involve changing an animal's physical form?

    <p>Modification of visual appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are invertebrates particularly vulnerable to predators?

    <p>They have a wide range of predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of crypsis?

    <p>To avoid visual detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between fixed camouflage and adaptive camouflage?

    <p>Fixed camouflage is a permanent adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring the index of gut fullness in Chaoborus larvae?

    <p>To study the larvae's feeding behaviour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of instars in the context of camouflage?

    <p>They are a stage of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason animals need strategies to aid survival in the presence of predators?

    <p>Because strategies to minimise contact with predators are rarely effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of visual detection in camouflage strategies?

    <p>It is the primary form of detection that camouflage targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using different food types in the caterpillar experiment?

    <p>To study the relationship between diet and colour change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of behavioural strategies in camouflage?

    <p>They are a key component of camouflage strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why asymmetrical patterns are better than symmetrical ones in terms of camouflage?

    <p>Asymmetrical patterns are more difficult to detect by predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dark component in a disruptive camouflage?

    <p>To create a single edge less conspicuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the way H.roboraria and J.fuscaria moths reorientate themselves after landing on a tree?

    <p>J.fuscaria takes longer to reorientate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the human predator experiment in the study of the J.fuscaria moths?

    <p>To test the ability of human predators to detect camouflaged moths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the forelegs in the process of background matching in J.fuscaria moths?

    <p>To detect the texture of the background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability of animals to adjust their physical appearance to match their surroundings?

    <p>Camouflage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the peppered moth example in the context of camouflage?

    <p>It illustrates the effect of industrial melanism on insect populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the antenna in the process of background matching in J.fuscaria moths?

    <p>To provide sensory information for background matching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a non-UV reflecting card to create artificial moths in the field tests?

    <p>It reduces the influence of UV reflectance on the results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the experiment with the J.fuscaria moths with impaired vision?

    <p>Their performance was very poor, and few moths got the positions correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

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