Questions and Answers
What describes the effect of each allele in a locus where no interaction exists?
What is defined as the breeding of individuals from one population to another distinctly different population?
Which term describes the specific combination of genes in the diploid phase?
In genetics, what is the state of an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes called?
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Which term indicates the genetic interaction where one gene suppresses the action of another gene located at a different locus?
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What does the term 'gene frequency' refer to?
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What is the term for the degree to which a characteristic is genetically transmitted from parent to offspring?
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What does 'homogametic sex' refer to?
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What condition describes when a heterozygote is superior to the average of homozygotes?
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What does the term 'phenotype' refer to?
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Which process results in the formation of a fertilized egg?
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What is the main purpose of meiosis?
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What does 'maternal inheritance' involve?
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What is a test-cross used for?
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Which of the following processes synthesizes polypeptides from mRNA?
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What does 'segregation' refer to in genetics?
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Study Notes
Terminologies in Animal Breeding and Genetics
- Additive effects: Influence of each allele at a locus when there is no interaction among them.
- Alleles: Alternative forms of a gene located at the same site on a chromosome; control gene expression.
- Allelic gene: Genes sharing the same locus on chromosomes.
- Autosomal linkages: Genes situated on the same autosomes, affecting inheritance patterns.
- Autosome: Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome, contributing to traits other than sex.
- Bases: Fundamental components of DNA, crucial for genetic coding.
- Chromosome: Structures within the nucleus that house DNA.
- Chromatid: Half of a duplicated chromosome visible during cell division phases like mitosis and meiosis.
- Crossbreeding: Mating between individuals from different populations to introduce genetic diversity.
- Dominance: Phenomenon where one allele suppresses the expression of another allele.
- Diploid: Condition of having paired chromosomes, typical in somatic cells.
- Epistasis: Genetic interaction where one gene affects the expression of another gene at a different locus.
- Gamete: Reproductive cells (sperm or egg) that carry genetic information.
- Gametogenesis: The process involved in the formation of gametes.
- Gene: The hereditary unit, determining traits through segments of DNA that encode proteins.
- Genetics: Study of heredity and variations in traits.
- Gene frequency: Proportion of a specific allele at a given locus in a population.
- Genotype: The specific genetic makeup representing a phenotype in diploid organisms.
- Genotypic frequency: Proportion of a specific genotype present in a population.
- Haploid: Condition of having a single complete set of chromosomes, characteristic of gametes.
- Heritability: Measure of how much a trait is passed from parents to offspring.
- Heterogametic sex: The sex with different sex chromosomes (e.g., X and Y in males).
- Homogametic sex: The sex with identical sex chromosomes (e.g., X and X in females).
- Hybrid vigor (heterosis): Enhanced biological qualities of a heterozygote compared to homozygotes.
- Inbreeding: Mating of closely related individuals, which can lead to increased genetic similarity.
- Law of Independence: Principle that genes segregate independently during gamete formation.
- Locus: Specific physical location of a gene or genes on a chromosome.
- Maternal inheritance: Trait transmission influenced by maternal characteristics, observable in offspring.
- Meiosis: Specialized cell division reducing chromosome number from diploid to haploid to form gametes.
- Mutation: Alteration in DNA that results in a different phenotype or biological function.
- Oogenesis: Development of female gametes (ova).
- Phenotype: Observable traits expressed as a result of gene action.
- Random Mating: Consistent opportunity for all individuals within a population to mate without preference.
- Recombinant type gamete: Gametes with combinations of genes from homologous chromosomes due to crossover events.
- Segregation: Separation of alleles during gamete formation, ensuring genetic diversity.
- Selection: Natural or artificial process where certain individuals contribute more offspring to the next generation.
- Sex chromosomes: Chromosomes involved in determining an organism's sex.
- Sex-linkage: Genes located on sex chromosomes, which can affect inheritance patterns related to sex.
- Spermatogenesis: Process of producing male gametes (sperm).
- Test-crossing: Breeding an individual with an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive to determine the genotype.
- Transcription: DNA sequence conversion into mRNA for protein synthesis.
- Translation: Assembly of a polypeptide chain, using mRNA's sequence to dictate amino acid order.
- Zygote: Resulting fertilized egg from the union of sperm and egg cells.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms related to animal breeding and genetics. This quiz covers concepts such as additive effects, alleles, and autosomal linkages. Perfect for students and professionals in the field of genetics!
