Animal Biology Quiz: Invertebrates and Germ Layers

A fluid-filled or air-filled space between the digestive tract and the body wall, providing structural support and aiding in internal transport.

Animals lacking true tissues, such as sponges.

The process during embryonic development where cells rearrange to form germ layers.

The outermost germ layer giving rise to the skin and nervous system.

The innermost germ layer giving rise to the lining of the digestive tract and associated organs.

Animals with two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm), including Cnidarians.

Animals with three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), including most bilaterally symmetrical animals.

The middle germ layer giving rise to muscles, bones, and other internal organs.

Specialized cells in sponges that transport nutrients and produce skeletal fibers (spicules).

A large opening at the top of a sponge through which water exits.

Cells in sponges that line the internal chambers and use flagella to create water currents.

A single opening in cnidarians that serves as both mouth and anus.

Tiny stinging structures found in cnidarians that help them capture prey.

A group of tetrapods including amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

A type of amphibian characterized by their lack of tails in adulthood.

The larval stage of a frog, which lives in water.

The process of transformation from a larval to an adult form.

A group of tetrapods that includes reptiles, birds and mammals.

A specialized egg that contains four membranes: amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois.

A membrane within the amniotic egg that encloses the embryo in fluid.

A protective outer layer of the amniotic egg that prevents dehydration.

A group of animals that share a common ancestor and unique set of derived traits.

The three major clades of bilaterian animals, characterized by distinct developmental patterns and unique body plans.

A group of animals that includes echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates, distinguished by their embryonic development and unique body features.

Animals with a body that is flattened from top to bottom, like a pancake.

A type of digestive system with a single opening that serves as both the mouth and anus.

A parasitic flatworm that lacks a mouth and digestive tract, absorbing nutrients directly through its body surface.

The anterior end of a tapeworm, equipped with suckers and hooks that help it attach to the host's intestine.

Segments found on the body of a tapeworm, containing reproductive organs.

A sac-like structure that stores waste products produced by the developing embryo.

A sac containing a yolk, serving as a nutrient store for the developing embryo.

The protein that makes up scales, hair, and nails, providing protection and water resistance.

A group of animals with scales, laying shelled eggs, and having internal fertilization, including lizards, snakes, turtles, and birds.

A modified tetrapod forelimb adapted for flight in birds.

A group of animals that nourish their young with milk, have hair, and possess efficient kidneys for water conservation.

A balanced diet rich in fats, sugars, proteins, minerals, and vitamins provided by mammals to their young.

First chordate with a head - possessed a brain, eyes, sensory organs, and a skull.

Ancient, jawless vertebrates with a cartilaginous internal skeleton. Possessed large eyes and barbed hooks in their mouths to capture prey.

The anterior end of the dorsal nerve cord in chordates, containing the brain, eyes, and other sensory organs.

Hinged structures in the mouth of gnathostomes used for gripping and slicing food.

A group of vertebrates including sharks, ray-finned fishes, lobe-finned fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals; characterized by the presence of jaws.

Skeletal rods that support the pharyngeal slits in early vertebrates. These rods are believed to have evolved into jaws.

The process by which tissues in the body harden due to the incorporation of minerals such as calcium.

A group of vertebrates that lack jaws, including hagfish and lampreys. Possess rudimentary vertebrae.