Animal Behavior and Evolution Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What impact did nonnative cows and feral goats have on certain tubular flower species during the 20th century?

They helped increase the populations of these flower species.

They led to the rarity of these species. (correct)

They had no significant effect on the flower populations.

They caused the flowers to evolve faster.

What change in feeding preference is observed in the ‘i‘iwi according to the content?

It primarily feeds on the flowers of the 'ohi’a tree. (correct)

It increasingly feeds on petal-rich flowers.

It has shifted towards consuming insects.

It is now obtaining nectar from grasses.

Why do male bees lose interest in flowers that have been pollinated?

They prefer flowers that are less fragrant.

They have already obtained nectar from those flowers.

They seek only the flowers that produce more pollen.

They are attracted to unpollinated flowers due to their scent. (correct)

How may coevolution be illustrated in the relationship between the ‘i‘iwi and the flowers it visits?

Tubular flowers evolved alongside the long beaks of the ‘i‘iwi. Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible result of a flower emitting a scent similar to that of mated female bees?

It attracts male bees towards unpollinated flowers. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adaptations does the 'i‘iwi possess for feeding?

A long, curved beak for extracting nectar. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of lobelia species has become extinct due to past environmental changes?

25 percent Signup and view all the answers

In ecological terms, what does the term 'coevolution' specifically refer to in this context?

The mutual evolutionary influence between two interdependent species. Signup and view all the answers

What feature of coconut fruit aids in its dispersal by water?

Air spaces Signup and view all the answers

What process is described by explosive dehiscence in certain fruits?

Fruit bursting suddenly to discharge seeds Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the coconut's buoyancy benefit its germination process?

It allows the seed to travel long distances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fruits is an example of being consumed by animals for seed dispersal?

Blackberry Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of fruits with explosive dehiscence limits their seed dispersal methods?

Immediate release of seeds at a specific time Signup and view all the answers

Why is biodiversity in crops important for seed preservation efforts?

It enhances resilience against diseases and climate change. Signup and view all the answers

Which seed dispersal method does NOT involve external agents such as wind, animals, or water?

Ballistic dispersal Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge posed by the preservation of seeds from plants that do not utilize external agents for dispersal?

Difficulty in reproducing plants from these seeds. Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the changes in the length of ‘i‘iwi bills between 1902 and the 1990s?

Evolutionary adaptations Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of Ophrys orchids that aids in their pollination?

Resemblance to female bees in appearance and scent Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of crop biodiversity is enhanced by seed banks?

Preservation of plant varieties Signup and view all the answers

What challenge is associated with seed preservation?

Genetic drift in stored seeds Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of reintroducing extinct species to their natural habitats?

Restoration of ecological balance Signup and view all the answers

What role do scent and visual resemblance play in the reproduction of certain plants like Ophrys orchids?

They attract pollinators for reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Why is biodiversity in crops important for agricultural sustainability?

It enhances resilience to pests and diseases Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant finding in the comparison of ‘i‘iwi bills collected in 1902 versus those captured in the 1990s?

The bills were 3 percent shorter in the 1990s Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Comparison of ‘i‘iwi Bills

‘i‘iwi bills collected in 1902 were approximately 3% longer than those of live birds captured in the 1990s, indicating a potential evolution of bill size over time.

Coevolution of Plants and Animals

Specific orchids (Ophrys) mimic female bees in appearance and scent to attract male bees for pollination.
Male bees are lured by the flowers’ resemblance and attempt to copulate, leading to pollen transfer when they mount the flowers.

Carrion Flower Adaptations

The carrion flower (Stapelia) has coloration resembling dried blood and emits a foul scent to attract pollinators, highlighting adaptation for reproductive success.

Coconut Dispersal Mechanism

Coconuts are adapted for water dispersion with air spaces that allow buoyancy, enabling them to float on ocean currents until reaching shores to germinate and grow.

Seed Dispersal Techniques

Some seeds utilize explosive dehiscence, bursting open to discharge seeds forcefully, ensuring distribution without relying on external agents like wind or animals.

Coevolution in Nectar Gathering

Animals developed specialized body parts and behaviors for efficiently obtaining nectar, concurrently facilitating the plant's pollination process.
The long, curved beaks of ‘i‘iwi honeycreepers evolved for accessing tubular flowers, showcasing a response to floral morphology.

Changes in Flower Species

Many tubular flower species, such as lobelias, faced decline in the 20th century due to grazing by nonnative animals, resulting in the extinction of approximately 25% of lobelia species.

Shift in ‘i‘iwi Feeding Preferences

The ‘i‘iwi predominantly feeds on the flowers of the ‘ohi’a tree, which lacks petals, suggesting an adaptation of the bird's bill in response to changing food sources.

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Description

Explore the fascinating relationships between bird bills and environmental changes over the decades. This quiz delves into the evolutionary aspects of the ‘i‘iwi species and the coevolution of animal behavior and their habitats. Test your knowledge on these unique adaptions and their implications for evolution.