Animal and Skin Cell Structures

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

  • Storing genetic information
  • Producing cellular energy
  • Controlling what enters and exits the cell (correct)
  • Synthesizing proteins

What is the main function of the nucleolus?

  • Energy production
  • Ribosome assembly (correct)
  • Lipid synthesis
  • Protein folding

Which organelle is responsible for generating most of the cell's ATP?

  • Pericentriolar material
  • Golgi complex
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondrion (correct)

What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Protein synthesis and modification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for sorting, modifying, and packaging proteins?

<p>Golgi complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell structure is involved in cell division?

<p>Pericentriolar material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Lipid and steroid synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes?

<p>Stratum basale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?

<p>Causes goosebumps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland secretes sweat for thermoregulation?

<p>Eccrine/merocrine sweat gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sebaceous glands?

<p>Secreting oil to lubricate the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

<p>Stratum corneum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for sensing light touch?

<p>Meissner corpuscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a component of bone tissue?

<p>Osteocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of perforating canals in bone?

<p>Allowing passage of blood vessels and nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the periosteum?

<p>Dense irregular connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which canal contains the blood vessels and nerves in the osteon?

<p>Central canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone tissue has a sponge-like appearance?

<p>Cancellous bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

<p>Osteon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are lamellae?

<p>Concentric rings of bone matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nucleus

Control center of the cell, containing DNA.

Golgi Complex

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Plasma Membrane

Outer boundary of the cell, regulating what enters and exits.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesizes proteins; studded with ribosomes.

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesizes lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium.

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Mitochondrion

Powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP.

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Pericentriolar material

Dense matrix of proteins that surround centrioles in the centrosome

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Stratum Corneum

Outermost layer of the epidermis; dead cells.

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Stratum Granulosum

Layer of the epidermis with granules.

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Stratum Spinosum

Epidermal layer above the basale.

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Hair Follicle

Tube-like structure within the skin where hair grows.

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Stratum Basale

Deepest epidermal layer, contains melanocytes.

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Arrector Pili Muscle

A tiny muscle that attaches to the hair follicle and causes the hair to stand erect.

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Sebaceous Gland

Gland in the skin that secretes sebum.

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Hair Shaft

Located in the skin and produces hair.

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Meissner Corpuscle

Nerve ending sensitive to touch.

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Epidermis

The outer layer of skin

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Dermis

Innermost and thickest layer of the skin.

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Hypodermis

Subcutaneous tissue beneath the dermis.

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Eccrine Sweat Gland

Sweat gland involved in temperature regulation.

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Study Notes

Animal Cell Structures

  • Nucleolus is indicated by the number 1 in the animal cell diagram.
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum is indicated by the number 2 in the animal cell diagram.
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is indicated by the number 3 in the animal cell diagram.
  • Mitochondrion is indicated by the number 4 in the animal cell diagram.
  • Pericentriolar material is indicated by the number 5 in the animal cell diagram.
  • Golgi complex is indicated by the number 6 in the animal cell diagram.
  • Plasma membrane is indicated by the number 7 in the animal cell diagram.

Skin Structures

  • Stratum corneum is a layer of the epidermis.
  • Stratum granulosum is a layer of the epidermis.
  • Stratum spinosum is a layer of the epidermis.
  • Hair follicle is a structure in the skin.
  • Stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis.
  • Arrector pili muscle is associated with hair follicles.
  • Sebaceous gland is a type of gland in the skin.
  • Hair shaft is the visible part of the hair.
  • Meissner corpuscle is a type of touch receptor.
  • Epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin.
  • Dermis is the middle layer of the skin.
  • Hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin.
  • Eccrine/merocrine sweat gland is a type of sweat gland.
  • Lamellar (Pacinian) corpuscle is a type of pressure receptor.

Bone Tissue Structures

  • Periosteum is the outer covering of the bone.
  • Central canal contains blood vessels and nerves in bone.
  • Perforating canal connects central canals.
  • Lamellae are layers of bone matrix.
  • Osteocytes are bone cells.
  • Spongy bone is a type of bone tissue.

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