Animal and Plant Cells Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures is specifically found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Chloroplasts (correct)

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cell membrane

Animal cells have a cell wall.

False

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Protein synthesis

The __________ is the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for ATP production.

mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the cell wall is TRUE?

It provides rigidity to plant cells. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cells with their characteristics:

Animal Cells = Eukaryotic, lack cell wall Plant Cells = Eukaryotic, contain chloroplasts Bacterial Cells = Prokaryotic, lack nucleus Prokaryotic Cells = Smaller than eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthesis occurs in the __________ of plant cells.

chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a type of specialized cell?

Stem cell Signup and view all the answers

Embryonic stem cells are multipotent, meaning they can develop into only a limited range of cell types.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where DNA duplicates itself prior to cell division?

DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

During mitosis, ______ pull chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell.

fibers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cell transport with their descriptions:

Diffusion = Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration Osmosis = Movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane Active transport = Movement of particles against their concentration gradient, requiring energy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is found in both animal and plant cells?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Prokaryotic cells contain mitochondria.

False Signup and view all the answers

What process do chloroplasts in plant cells primarily facilitate?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

The __________ is the rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support.

cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Animal and Plant Cells

Animal and plant cells are both eukaryotic cells.
Both animal and plant cells contain a cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and a nucleus.
Plant cells uniquely have a permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose.
The vacuole in plant cells stores water and maintains cell shape.
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, converting light energy to chemical energy.
The cell wall provides structural support and rigidity to plant cells.
Exam questions commonly assess similarities and differences between animal and plant cells.

Subcellular Structures

Each subcellular structure plays a specific role in the cell.
Cell Membrane: Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cytoplasm: A gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place.
Nucleus: Contains the cell's DNA and controls cellular activities.
Mitochondria: The sites of aerobic respiration.
Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into proteins.
Permanent Vacuole: A large, fluid-filled sac in plant cells, storing water, nutrients, and waste, maintaining turgor pressure.
Chloroplasts: Sites of photosynthesis in plant cells, converting light energy to chemical energy. They contain chlorophyll.
Cell Wall: A rigid structure that supports and protects the plant cell, made of cellulose.

Bacterial Cells

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic cells, much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, vacuoles).
They contain a single DNA loop and plasmids in their cytoplasm.
Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that replicate independently carrying genes (antibiotic resistance, etc.).
Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms.

Microscopes

Light and electron microscopes are the two main types.
Light microscopes, common in schools, use visible light to illuminate specimens.
Electron microscopes use electron beams for highly magnified and detailed images.
Electron microscopes have greater magnification and resolution, enabling observation of smaller structures in cells.
Electron microscopes require dead specimens. Light microscopes can use living or non-living specimens.
I (image size) = M (magnification) × A (actual size)

Cell Specialization and Stem Cells

Cell specialization is the process of cell differentiation for specific functions.
Examples include nerve cells (neurons), fat cells (adipocytes), muscle cells (myocytes), brain cells (neurons), root hair cells, red blood cells, and sperm cells.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of developing into various specialized cells.
Embryonic stem cells: Totipotent – can become any cell type.
Adult stem cells: Multipotent – can become most cell types.
Stem cells are crucial in research and potential treatments for diseases.

Mitosis and the Cell Cycle

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.
The cell cycle has two main phases: interphase and mitosis.
Interphase: Cell growth and DNA duplication.
Mitosis:
- DNA duplication
- Chromosome alignment
- Chromosome separation to opposite poles
- Nuclei reformation at each side of cell
- Cell membrane splitting, creating two daughter cells.

Cell Transport

Cell transport moves substances across the cell membrane.
Passive Transport (no energy):
- Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration (e.g., oxygen from lungs to blood).
- Osmosis: Water diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane (e.g., water absorption in the large intestine).
Active Transport (energy required): Movement from low to high concentration (e.g., nutrient uptake by root hair cells).

Factors Affecting Cell Transport

Surface area: Larger surface area speeds transport.
Temperature: Higher temperature increases molecule speed, thus increasing transport rate.
Diffusion pathway: Shorter pathway leads to faster transport.
Blood supply: Constant concentration gradient enhances transport.
Concentration gradient: Steep concentration gradient leads to faster transport.
Steepness of concentration gradient: A greater difference in concentration speeds up transport.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the similarities and differences between animal and plant cells. This quiz covers key concepts such as cell structures, their functions, and the unique features of plant cells like chloroplasts and cell walls. Perfect for students learning about eukaryotic cells.