Animal Actions Quiz

Assembly Language

• Assembly language is more advanced than machine language.
• It uses mnemonics which are English-like abbreviations such as move, mul and add to represent machine instructions.
• Requires an assembler to translate mnemonics into machine code.

High-level Language

• High-level languages use English-like commands for writing programs.
• Examples include BASIC, COBOL, Pascal, and FORTRAN.
• They require either an assembler or compiler to translate instructions into machine code.
• Interpreters translate high-level instructions line by line into machine code during runtime.

Object-Oriented Programming Language

• Developed for GUI (Graphical User Interface) environments.
• Examples include Visual Basic, Delphi, Visual C++, PROLOG, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, Perl, JavaScript, Smalltalk.
• The emphasis is on the objects included in the user interface such as buttons and scrollbars.

Number System Conversions

• Decimal to binary conversion:
  • Find the largest power of 2 that is smaller than the decimal number.
  • Subtract that power of 2 from the decimal number.
  • Repeat steps 1 and 2 until the decimal number becomes 0.
  • Write 1 for each power of 2 that was subtracted, and 0 for all other powers.
  • Combine the 1s and 0s to form the binary number, starting with the highest power of 2.
• Binary to decimal conversion:
  • Multiply each bit in the binary number by its place value (2 raised to the power of its position from right to left).
  • Add the results of the multiplication for each bit together.
  • This sum is the decimal representation of the binary number.

Algorithms

• A step-by-step procedure to solve problems.
• Improves efficiency and consistency in problem-solving.
• Helps identify key decision points and essential variables.
• Enables programmers to easily identify errors in a process.

Pseudocode

• A description of an algorithm using natural language.
• Makes program reading easier.
• Uses short, English-like statements to write program code before implementation in a specific language.

Flowcharts

• Diagrams representing the logical sequence of steps or operations.
• Utilize symbols to represent different actions and connections in a process.

Flowchart Symbols

• Terminator: [ ] - Marks the beginning ("Start") and end ("End") of a flowchart.
• Input/Output: ||| - Represents input from the user or output from a process.
• Process: [ ] - Indicates data processing, often using mathematical symbols.
• Decision: □ - Depicts a comparison involving logical or relational operators (e.g., "Yes" or "No" questions).
• On-page Connector: ○ - Links different parts of a flowchart within the same page.
• Off-page Connector: ∇ - Connects flowcharts located on different pages.
• Arrows: →, ↓ - Indicate the flow of the process.

Example: Calculating Rectangle Area

• Algorithm:
  • Step 1: Input Width and Length.
  • Step 2: Calculate Area using the formula: Area = Length x Width.
  • Step 3: Print the calculated Area.

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• A detailed plan for creating and maintaining a software system
• Involves a team of specialists

Stages in Software Development

• Requirements:
  • Gathering user and computer actions
  • Includes documentation, procedures, rules, interviews, observations, and surveys
  • No coding in this stage
• Planning/Design:
  • Planning implementation and initial architecture
  • Outlines platforms, technologies, and program structure
  • Instructions are written using pseudocode or algorithms for easy understanding
• Design:
  • Follows the requirements and planning stage
• Implementation:
  • Putting the plan into action
• Testing and Debugging:
  • Thoroughly testing the program to identify and fix errors
• Deployment:
  • Deploying the software
  • Creating program documentation and user manuals
• Maintenance:
  • Ongoing process of maintaining and updating the software
  • Includes fixing bugs and adding enhancements
• Support:
  • Providing support for the deployed software

Return on Sales (ROS)

• Measures how much profit a business earns for each unit of revenue generated.
• Formula: Net Profit After Taxes / Sales
• Example: ABC Company has a ROS of 10%, meaning they earn 10 pesos in profit for every 100 pesos of sales.

Return on Assets (ROA)

• Measures the return on investments made in assets.
• Formula: Net Profit After Taxes / Total Assets/Investments
• Example: ABC Company has an ROA of 33%, meaning they earn 33 pesos in profit for every 100 pesos invested in assets.

Feasibility Study

• A detailed analysis used to evaluate larger business projects.
• Key elements:
  • In-depth market potential analysis for realistic sales projections.
  • Ensuring product/service design, attributes, specifications, and features align with market needs for success.
• High ROS and ROA ratios are considered positive indicators of a promising business opportunity.

Test your knowledge of animal behaviors with this fun quiz! Fill in the blanks to complete sentences about how different animals move and interact with their environments. Perfect for animal enthusiasts and students alike!