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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in determining the formula of a hydrate?
What is the first step in determining the formula of a hydrate?
What is the purpose of heating the hydrate?
What is the purpose of heating the hydrate?
What is the unit of moles when mass of water (in grams) is divided by molar mass of water (18.02 g/mol)?
What is the unit of moles when mass of water (in grams) is divided by molar mass of water (18.02 g/mol)?
What is the ratio of water to anhydrate moles in the example where 3 moles of water are present for every 1 mole of anhydrate?
What is the ratio of water to anhydrate moles in the example where 3 moles of water are present for every 1 mole of anhydrate?
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What is the purpose of finding the water to anhydrate mole ratio?
What is the purpose of finding the water to anhydrate mole ratio?
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What is the key difference between a hydrate and an anhydrate compound?
What is the key difference between a hydrate and an anhydrate compound?
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What is the use of anhydrate compounds?
What is the use of anhydrate compounds?
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What happens when a hydrate compound is heated?
What happens when a hydrate compound is heated?
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What is the meaning of the prefix 'an' in the term 'anhydrate'?
What is the meaning of the prefix 'an' in the term 'anhydrate'?
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What happens to the crystalline structure of a hydrate when it is heated?
What happens to the crystalline structure of a hydrate when it is heated?
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What is the purpose of the 'n' in the formula of an unknown hydrate?
What is the purpose of the 'n' in the formula of an unknown hydrate?
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What is the term for the process of removing water from a hydrated compound?
What is the term for the process of removing water from a hydrated compound?
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What is the empirical formula of a hydrate?
What is the empirical formula of a hydrate?
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What happens to the water molecules in a hydrate when it is heated?
What happens to the water molecules in a hydrate when it is heated?
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What is the term for a compound that contains water molecules?
What is the term for a compound that contains water molecules?
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Why is the reproductive system not crucial to daily survival?
Why is the reproductive system not crucial to daily survival?
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What is the purpose of the thick walls of the uterus?
What is the purpose of the thick walls of the uterus?
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Where do sperm enter the female reproductive duct system?
Where do sperm enter the female reproductive duct system?
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What is the role of the uterus during fertilization?
What is the role of the uterus during fertilization?
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What is the female gamete called?
What is the female gamete called?
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Where do sperm travel after entering the uterus?
Where do sperm travel after entering the uterus?
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Why do many sperm not make it through the reproductive duct system?
Why do many sperm not make it through the reproductive duct system?
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What is the primary function of the fallopian tubes?
What is the primary function of the fallopian tubes?
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What is the name of the mature follicle in the ovary that contains a fully developed egg?
What is the name of the mature follicle in the ovary that contains a fully developed egg?
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What is the function of the fimbriae on the end of the fallopian tubes?
What is the function of the fimbriae on the end of the fallopian tubes?
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What happens to the fertilized egg after it reaches the uterus?
What happens to the fertilized egg after it reaches the uterus?
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What is the role of the ovaries in reproduction?
What is the role of the ovaries in reproduction?
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What is the purpose of the uterus during pregnancy?
What is the purpose of the uterus during pregnancy?
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What is the function of the vagina during childbirth?
What is the function of the vagina during childbirth?
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How long does it take for a follicle to mature in the ovary?
How long does it take for a follicle to mature in the ovary?
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Study Notes
Anhydrate Definition
- Anhydrate refers to the removal of water from a hydrated compound, resulting in a dehydrated compound.
- The term "anhydrate" comes from the root words "an" meaning without and "hydrate" meaning to supply water.
Hydrated Compound
- A hydrated compound is a compound that contains water molecules.
- Hydrates are often in crystalline form and have a water molecule chemically bonded to another element or compound.
- When heated, hydrates lose their water molecules and become anhydrous.
Hydrate Formula
- Unknown hydrates are written in their base form with an "n" placed before, representing the number of moles of water.
- The empirical formula is the simplest ratio of elements in a compound.
- To determine the empirical formula of a hydrate, the value of "n" must be determined.
Finding the Formula of a Hydrate
- There are six steps to find the "n" moles of water in a hydrate:
- Measure the mass of the hydrate and anhydrate.
- Determine the amount of water removed from the hydrate.
- Convert the mass of water to moles.
- Convert the mass of anhydrate to moles.
- Find the water to anhydrate mole ratio (n).
- Use the mole ratio to write the formula.
Examples of Finding the Formula of a Hydrate
- Example One: If there are three moles of water for every one mole of anhydrate, the hydrate formula is .
- Example Two: If a 210.4g hydrate of Epsom salt is heated, and the final anhydrate mass is 120.4g, the hydrate formula is .
- Example Three: If there are 0.02 moles of anhydrate and 0.04 moles of water, the hydrate formula is .
Difference Between Hydrate and Anhydrate Compounds
- Hydrate compounds contain water molecules, whereas anhydrate compounds do not.
- Hydrates release water vapor when heated, whereas anhydrates do not.
- Hydrates can lose water through heat or reaction, whereas anhydrates can absorb water from the air.
- Hydrates are used for hydration purposes, whereas anhydrates are used as drying agents.
- Hydrates are used in applications to promote moisture, whereas anhydrates are used to prevent mold growth.
Female Reproductive System
- The female reproductive system is not crucial for daily survival but is necessary for the survival of humanity.
- The system "wakes up" at puberty and works with the male reproductive system to create a newborn baby.
Ova (Eggs)
- A newborn baby's journey begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg (ova) inside the female reproductive system.
- The female gamete (egg) is produced by the ovaries.
Female Duct System
- Sperm enters the female reproductive duct system through the 3- to 4-inch-long vagina.
- Sperm travels through the cervix and enters the uterus, which acts as a passageway at this stage.
- The journey through the duct system is difficult, and many sperm don't make it, but some reach the fallopian tubes.
Fallopian Tubes
- The two fallopian tubes extend off the top of the uterus and act as a passageway between the uterus and the ovaries.
- The tubes can become the site for fertilization if an egg is present.
Ovaries
- The ovaries are paired reproductive organs that produce eggs and are about the size of almonds.
- The ovaries contain tiny sacs called ovarian follicles that mature over a 1-month period.
- A fully matured follicle is called a Graafian follicle, and the egg inside is ready to break out and leave the ovary (ovulation).
- The ovaries also produce female sex hormones, which play a role in puberty, the menstrual cycle, and sustaining a pregnancy.
Fertilization and Pregnancy
- After ovulation, the freed egg is swept into the fallopian tube by fimbriae and can get fertilized by sperm if conditions are right.
- The fertilized egg travels through the duct system and implants into the thick uterine wall, where it receives nourishment to grow and develop during the 9-month pregnancy.
- The uterus stretches to accommodate the growing fetus, and the thick walls are necessary for this process.
- After nine months, the fetus is mature and is born through the vagina, which acts as the birth canal.
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Description
Learn about anhydrates, their definition, and how they are formed through the removal of water from hydrated compounds. Understand the concept of hydration and dehydration in chemistry.
