Angular Overlap Model (AOM) Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main advantage of the Angular Overlap Model (AOM) over the Ligand Field Theory (LFT)?

AOM estimates the strength of the interaction between M and L orbitals based on the overlap between them, while LFT does not.

AOM is easier to apply for geometries other than Oh, SQP, and Td, while LFT is limited in this aspect. (correct)

AOM considers both σ and π interactions, while LFT does not.

AOM uses the resulting energy change, while LFT does not.

According to the text, which type of interaction is considered in Sigma Donor Interactions?

Estimation of the strength of the interaction between M and L orbitals based on the overlap between them

Strongest σ interaction between dz2 and p (correct)

Formation of bonding orbitals

Consideration of both σ and π interactions

What type of orbitals are mostly involved in the bonding (donor or acceptor) with M when considering NH3 ligands?

π orbitals

d orbitals

s orbitals

p orbitals (correct)

Based on the given text, what is used as a reference in Sigma Donor Interactions?

Strongest σ interaction between dz2 and p Signup and view all the answers

What is the main parameter considered in Angular Overlap Parameters: Sigma Interactions?

Estimation of the strength of the interaction between M and L orbitals based on the overlap between them Signup and view all the answers

What does the Angular Overlap Model (AOM) use to calculate the energy for a d orbital?

Sum of the numbers for the appropriate ligand positions in the vertical column Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interaction causes the overall increase in energy of dz2 orbital in an octahedral complex?

Strong sigma bonding from ligands at 1 and 6 positions Signup and view all the answers

What causes the overall increase in energy of dx2-y2 orbital in an octahedral complex?

Strong sigma bonding from ligands at 2, 3, 4, and 5 positions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of orbital interactions leads to the unchanged energy of dxy, dxz, and dyz orbitals in an octahedral complex?

Strong sigma bonding Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ligands at positions 1 and 6 on the energy of ligand orbitals in an octahedral complex?

Lowered by 1eσ Signup and view all the answers

How are the energies of dxy, dxz, and dyz orbitals affected by ligands in an octahedral complex?

Stabilized by -4eπ Signup and view all the answers

What is the Jahn-Teller theorem associated with?

Distortion of molecules to render degenerate orbitals nondegenerate Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of changing the charge on the metal in an octahedral complex?

Change in the number of unpaired electrons Signup and view all the answers

'The spectrochemical series' is a ranking of ligands based on which factor?

Their ability to result in d orbital splitting Signup and view all the answers

What does the Jahn–Teller theorem state about degenerate orbitals?

Molecule distortion renders degenerate orbitals nondegenerate. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Angular Overlap Model (AOM) vs. Ligand Field Theory (LFT)

AOM provides a more accurate description of bonding interactions compared to LFT.
It accounts for a variety of electron interactions not fully captured by LFT.

Sigma Donor Interactions

In Sigma Donor Interactions, the focus is on electron donation from ligands to the metal center.
The reference used in these interactions is typically the metal d orbitals.

Bonding with NH3 Ligands

NH3 primarily engages via its lone pair on nitrogen, acting as a sigma donor.
Donor orbitals involved are mainly the p orbitals of nitrogen.

Angular Overlap Parameters: Sigma Interactions

Main parameter addressed is the angular overlap integral.
This integral evaluates how effectively the orbitals overlap between the ligand and the metal.

Energy Calculation in AOM

AOM calculates the energy for a d orbital by evaluating the overlap with ligand orbitals and their interactions.

Energy Increases in Octahedral Complexes

dz2 orbital energy rises due to interactions with sigma donor ligands.
dx2-y2 orbital energy increases because of strong interactions with the ligand's electron density.

Unchanged Energy of Specific d Orbitals

dxy, dxz, and dyz orbitals maintain their energy levels due to symmetrical interactions in an octahedral field.

Ligand Position Effects in Octahedral Complex

Ligands located at positions 1 and 6 can cause significant shifts in energy levels of orbital interactions.
The simultaneous presence of these ligands can stabilize certain orbital energies.

Ligand Influence on d Orbital Energies

Ligands exert varying effects on dxy, dxz, and dyz orbitals, leading to potential energy changes depending on ligand strength and positioning.

Jahn-Teller Theorem

This theorem predicts that degenerate orbitals will split in energy when the electronic configuration is asymmetrically distorted.
Impacts complexes with certain electron configurations, causing stabilization through geometric distortion.

Effects of Charge Change in Octahedral Complex

Altering the metal's charge can significantly affect ligand field strength and orbital energies, influencing overall complex stability.

Spectrochemical Series

Established based on the relative strength of ligands as electron donors, affecting their ability to influence d orbital energy levels.

Degenerate Orbitals and Jahn–Teller Theorem

The theorem states that a degeneracy in orbitals leads to an energy splitting under the influence of asymmetry, critical in octahedral complexes with specific electron distributions.

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Description

Test your knowledge about the Angular Overlap Model (AOM) which deals with the formation of bonding orbitals, estimation of interaction strength between M and L orbitals, and consideration of both σ and π interactions.