Anglo-Saxon Culture and Environment

The People

• English literature predates the arrival of Anglo-Saxon ancestors in England.
• Anglo-Saxons originated from coastal regions in Denmark and Northern Germany, notably near the Elbe River.
• This group comprised Low-German tribes, sharing closer linguistic and cultural ties with modern Dutch than contemporary Germans.
• They primarily inhabited coastal areas rather than venturing inland into dense swamps and forests.
• Characterized as uncivilized, but not savage; they cherished their homes, respected women, and embraced natural influences.
• They held beliefs in pagan deities, emphasizing personal freedom, honor, and the pursuit of glory.
• Known as adventurous and resolute seafarers.

Their Gloomy Life

• The environmental conditions of Denmark and Germany contributed to a dismal existence for the Anglo-Saxons.
• Sunlight was scarce, appearing only one-third of the time, with winter days characterized by early darkness.
• Harsh climatic conditions fostered a culture defined by struggle against nature, leading to a stern and serious demeanor.
• Their worldview inherently included a gloomy religion and a bleak outlook on life and destiny.
• Joy in life was fleeting, mainly found in the context of conflict and battle.
• The metaphor of life was depicted as a swallow briefly entering a warm hall during winter, highlighting its transient nature amid pervasive darkness.