Angiosperms Morphology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the brightly colored petals in flowers?

To enhance the aesthetic appeal of the flower

To provide shelter for insects

To attract insects for pollination (correct)

To protect the reproductive organs of the flower

Which type of corolla has free petals?

Imbricate

Gamopetalous

Polypetalous (correct)

Twisted

In which type of aestivation do the sepals or petals just touch at the margin without overlapping?

Vexillary

Valvate (correct)

Twisted

Imbricate

Which flower species exhibits twisted aestivation?

China rose Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aestivation is characterized by petals overlapping one another but not in a specific direction?

Imbricate Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic shared by all angiosperms?

Presence of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits Signup and view all the answers

What is typically formed from the direct elongation of the radicle in dicotyledonous plants?

Primary root Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of lateral roots in dicotyledonous plants?

They extend from the primary root to enhance stability and nutrient uptake Signup and view all the answers

Which division correctly describes the underground and above-ground parts of a flowering plant?

Root system and shoot system Signup and view all the answers

For effective classification and understanding of higher plants, which of the following is essential?

Understanding standard technical terms and possible variations Signup and view all the answers

What structures make up the androecium of a flower?

Stamens Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a sterile stamen?

Staminode Signup and view all the answers

How are stamens classified when they are united into a single bundle?

Monoadelphous Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of a carpel in the gynoecium?

Stigma, style, ovary Signup and view all the answers

When stamens are attached to the petals, what is the term used to describe this condition?

Epipetalous Signup and view all the answers

What is endospermic tissue found in castor seeds primarily used for?

Storage of food Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following seeds is classified as non-endospermous?

Bean Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located at the two ends of the embryonal axis in a seed?

Radicle and Plumule Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about monocotyledonous seeds is accurate?

They typically contain endospermic tissue Signup and view all the answers

What term describes seeds like those of orchids that do not contain endosperm?

Non-endospermous Signup and view all the answers

What does the floral formula symbol 'A' represent?

Androecium Signup and view all the answers

In a floral diagram, which part is drawn as the innermost whorl?

Gynoecium Signup and view all the answers

What does '⊕' indicate in a floral formula?

Actinomorphic nature of the flower Signup and view all the answers

Which family is represented in the floral diagram and formula mentioned?

Brassicaceae Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by the dot on top of the floral diagram?

Position of the mother axis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Characteristics of Angiosperms

Angiosperms exhibit diverse external structures, yet share common features: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Classification relies on understanding standard technical terms and definitions alongside morphological characteristics.

Plant Structure

All plants, including weeds, have root systems underground and shoot systems above ground.
The root system anchors the plant in soil while the shoot system supports leaves, flowers, and fruits.

Roots

Dicotyledonous plants develop a primary root from the radicle, which grows into soil and supports secondary and tertiary roots.

Floral Structure

Petals are typically brightly colored to attract pollinators; they can be gamopetalous (united) or polypetalous (free).
Varied corolla shapes include tubular, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, and wheel-shaped.

Aestivation

Aestivation refers to the arrangement of sepals or petals in a floral bud.
Major types include:
- Valvate: Margins touch without overlapping.
- Twisted: Margins overlap progressively.
- Imbricate: Margins overlap randomly.
- Vexillary: One petal overlaps the others in a specific pattern.

Androecium (Male Reproductive Organ)

Composed of stamens, which include a filament and an anther containing pollen-sacs.
Variation in stamen attachment:
- Epipetalous: Attached to petals.
- Epiphyllous: Attached to perianth.
- Polyandrous: Free stamens.
- Monoadelphous, Diadelphous, Polyadelphous: Variations in stamen bundling.

Gynoecium (Female Reproductive Organ)

Consists of one or more carpels; a carpel includes stigma, style, and ovary.
Ovary contains ovules on a placenta, with stigma acting as the pollen receiving surface.

Seed Structure

Dicotyledonous seeds can be endospermic (with food-storing endosperm) or non-endospermic (without endosperm).
Monocotyledonous seeds are generally endospermic; some, like orchids, are non-endospermic.
The embryonal axis of seeds consists of a radicle and plumule.

Floral Formula and Diagram

Utilizes symbols to represent floral parts: Br (bract), K (calyx), C (corolla), P (perianth), A (androecium), G (gynoecium).
Indicates fusion and adhesion of floral parts through specific symbols and arrangements in a diagram.
Example: The floral formula for a plant in the Brassicaceae family illustrates floral part relationships.

Solanaceae Family

Known as the 'potato family,' the Solanaceae family is prevalent in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the diverse structures of angiosperms, including their roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Delve into chapters 2 and 3 for insights into the classification of these plants based on their morphology. This quiz will challenge your understanding of plant biology and morphology.