Angiosperm Diversity and Nutrition Modes
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Angiosperm Diversity and Nutrition Modes

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Questions and Answers

What follows shortly after the fertilization events have been completed?

  • The nuclei enter into mitosis (correct)
  • The extra embryo develops
  • Cell differentiation occurs
  • Genetic self-incompatibility is resolved

    • Proteins found in pollen grain walls can trigger immune reactions.

    True

    What is the primary factor determining allergic response to pollen?

    Pollen quantity

    During spring, hay fever is associated with pollen from ______.

    <p>trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the seasons with their associated pollen types:

    <p>Spring = Tree pollen Summer = Grass pollen Fall = Ragweed and grasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with hay fever?

    <p>Tomato plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The incidence of hay fever in the U.S. has decreased over the past 60 years.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the largest class of Anthophyta.

    <p>Monocotyledonae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures are typically found in perfect flowers?

    <p>Both stamens and carpels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A dioecious species has both male and female reproductive organs on the same plant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for flowers that lack either stamens or carpels?

    <p>Imperfect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In botany, the central tissue column where ovules are borne in a partitioned ovary is called ______.

    <p>axile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of placentation with their descriptions:

    <p>Parietal = Ovules borne on the ovary wall Axile = Ovules borne on a central tissue column Free Central = Ovules not connected to the ovary wall Basal/Apical = Single ovule at the base or apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many floral whorls are typically found in complete flowers?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All incomplete flowers are considered imperfect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a monoecious plant.

    <p>A plant that has both male and female reproductive organs on the same plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant is characterized by its ability to form haustoria?

    <p>Parasitic plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All angiosperms contain chloroplasts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two main parts of the flower.

    <p>Carpels and Stamens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eudicots include trees, shrubs, and many _____ .

    <p>herbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following flower parts with their functions:

    <p>Carpels = Female reproductive parts Stamens = Male reproductive parts Corolla = Petals Calyx = Sepals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure within a flower that contains ovules?

    <p>Carpel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The flower is a determinate shoot with unlimited growth duration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two sterile appendages of a flower?

    <p>Sepals and Petals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eudicots and Angiosperms

    • Eudicots include a variety of plants such as trees, shrubs, and herbs.
    • "Dicots" classification system tends to emphasize the uniqueness of monocots.

    Angiosperm Nutrition Modes

    • Majority of angiosperms are free-living, with some species being parasitic or myco-heterotrophic.
    • Approximately 200 species of parasitic monocots and around 2800 species of parasitic eudicots exist.
    • Parasitic plants develop haustoria, which are specialized structures for absorption.
    • Myco-heterotrophic plants depend on mycorrhizal fungi for nutrients and lack chlorophyll.
    • Indian pipe (Monotropa uniflora) is a well-known myco-heterotroph.

    Flower Structure

    • Flowers consist of four whorls:
      • Carpels: female reproductive parts (gynoecium)
      • Stamens: male reproductive parts (androecium)
      • Corolla: petals
      • Calyx: sepals
    • Flowers act as determinate shoots with a specific growth duration and bear sporophylls.
    • The carpel, which contains ovules, is the primary floral structure.
    • Flowers have two sets of sterile appendages: sepals (calyx) and petals (corolla), together known as the perianth.

    Inflorescences

    • Flowers can cluster together to form inflorescences.
    • Fertilization leads to the nuclei entering mitosis; sometimes extra embryos abort.

    Hay Fever

    • 10-18% of individuals in the Northern Hemisphere suffer from hay fever due to allergens in pollen.
    • Pollen grain proteins can trigger immune reactions, often contributing to genetic self-incompatibility.
    • Wind-borne pollen from grasses, birch trees, and ragweed are major allergens.

    Seasonal Pollen Patterns

    • Spring: Tree pollen from oaks, elms, and birches predominates.
    • Summer: Grass pollen, especially Bermuda and timothy grasses, is common.
    • Fall: Ragweed and grasses are major irritants; individual plant sensitivities vary.
    • Increased incidence of hay fever in the U.S. over the past 60 years, despite falling pollen counts in some areas.
    • Enhanced detection methods may partly explain the rising prevalence.

    Anthophyta Classification

    • Monocotyledonae is the largest class of Angiosperms, consisting of about 90,000 species.

    Ovary Structure

    • The placenta is the ovary part where ovules stay attached until they mature.
    • Various types of placentation include parietal, axile, free central, and basal/apical, determining ovule arrangement.

    Flower Types

    • Perfect flowers contain both stamens and carpels, while imperfect flowers have one or the other.
    • Monoecious species bear both flower types on the same plant; dioecious species have them on separate plants.
    • Complete flowers possess all four whorls; incomplete flowers may lack any whorl and can be imperfect or perfect.

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    Related Documents

    BIOL208_CH19.pdf

    Description

    Explore the fascinating diversity of angiosperms, focusing on eudicots and their nutritional modes. This quiz covers the characteristics of free-living, parasitic, and myco-heterotrophic angiosperms, highlighting their adaptations and ecological roles.

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