Angina Pectoris: Pathophysiology and Symptoms

What can cause a coronary artery dissection?

Coronary artery spasm
Blunt chest trauma (correct)
Coronary embolism
Severe anemia

Which of the following can trigger a coronary artery spasm?

Stress (correct)
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Severe anemia
Vasculitis

What can be a consequence of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Reduced ability to carry oxygen (correct)
Increase in oxygen carrying capacity
Blockage of coronary arteries
Narrowing of coronary arteries

What is a potential cause of vasculitis?

Inflammatory conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of coronary embolism?

Blockage of coronary arteries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of severe anemia?

Reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of having high levels of LDL cholesterol?

Accelerated plaque formation (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can contribute to high blood pressure?

Chronic stress (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of atypical angina?

It has one or less of the features of typical angina (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can increase the risk of CAD due to putting extra strain on the heart?

Being overweight or obese (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of CAD?

Diabetes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of angina pectoris?

Stable or typical angina pectoris (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary underlying cause of Angina pectoris?

Atherosclerotic coronary arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Angina pectoris?

It is a symptom of an underlying heart problem (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the imbalance between oxygen demand and supply of the heart muscle in Angina pectoris?

Narrowing of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical location of the chest pain experienced in Angina pectoris?

Central or retrosternal (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of rest on the symptoms of Angina pectoris?

It decreases the symptoms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Angina pectoris episodes?

They are episodic (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a cardiac CT scan?

To assess the overall condition of the heart (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ST-segment depression on an ECG during an angina episode?

It indicates myocardial ischemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of managing angina pectoris?

To relieve symptoms and improve quality of life (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change seen on an ECG during an angina episode?

ST-segment depression (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of T-wave inversion on an ECG?

It indicates a previous episode of myocardial ischemia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing significant coronary artery disease?

Coronary angiography (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of angina pectoris?

Atherosclerotic disease with ≥70% narrowing of lumen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of unstable angina?

Pain occurs with progressively increasing frequency and is precipitated with progressively less exertion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nitroglycerin in treating angina pectoris?

To act as a strong vasodilator (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for angina that occurs at rest and is due to coronary artery spasm?

Prinzmetal variant angina (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of unstable angina?

It is a precursor to subsequent acute MI (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of pain in stable angina?

Pain is episodic and associated with exertion or stress (D) Signup and view all the answers