Angina Pectoris Introduction and Pathophysiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of angina pectoris?

  • Pain or pressure in the anterior chest (correct)
  • Pain in the lower back
  • Episodes of coughing
  • Episodes of nausea

What causes angina pectoris?

  • Insufficient coronary blood flow (correct)
  • Decreased myocardial demand for oxygen
  • Excessive oxygen supply
  • Increased oxygen supply

What happens when there is a blockage in a coronary artery?

  • Decreased demand for oxygen
  • Increased flow through the coronary arteries
  • Ischemia results (correct)
  • Normal blood flow to the heart

What is usually associated with angina pectoris?

<p>Atherosclerotic disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the myocardium do to meet its continuous demands?

<p>Extracts a large amount of oxygen from the coronary circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does angina pectoris occur?

<p>When there is insufficient coronary blood flow and increased myocardial demand for oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the need for oxygen exceeds the supply?

<p>The heart experiences ischemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of angina pectoris?

<p>Atherosclerotic disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the myocardium when demand for oxygen increases?

<p>It extracts more oxygen from the coronary circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What results from a blockage in a coronary artery?

<p>Ischemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during angina pectoris?

<p>Insufficient coronary blood flow and increased myocardial demand for oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes episodes or paroxysms of pain or pressure in the chest?

<p>Increased myocardial demand for oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one factor associated with typical anginal pain?

<p>Physical exertion increasing myocardial oxygen demand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the body can the pain from ischemia of the heart muscle typically radiate to?

<p>Neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of angina in terms of its response to rest or nitroglycerin administration?

<p>It subsides with rest or administration of nitroglycerin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be the presenting symptom of angina in older adults?

<p>Shortness of breath and palpitations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic tool may show changes indicative of ischemia in a patient with angina?

<p>12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the medical management of angina?

<p>Decreasing the oxygen demand of the myocardium and increasing the oxygen supply (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be used to restore the blood supply to the myocardium in reperfusion procedures for angina?

<p>PCI procedures and CABG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal oxygen saturation level (SpO2) on room air monitored by pulse oximetry?

<p>&gt;95% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is oxygen therapy usually initiated for angina?

<p>At the onset of chest pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible diagnostic procedure for older patients with suspected CAD?

<p>Pharmacologic stress testing and cardiac catheterization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be a symptom experienced by a patient with angina due to autonomic neuropathy?

<p>No severe pain due to blunted nociceptor transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might provoke an attack of unstable angina, unlike typical anginal pain?

<p>Stress or emotion-provoking situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the medical management of angina?

<p>Decrease the oxygen demand of the myocardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with typical anginal pain?

<p>Eating a heavy meal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom experienced by a patient with angina due to autonomic neuropathy?

<p>Dizziness or lightheadedness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of angina pectoris distinguishes it from unstable angina?

<p>Pain subsiding with rest or nitroglycerin administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom that may accompany the pain from ischemia of the heart muscle?

<p>Choking sensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic tool may show changes indicative of ischemia in a patient with angina?

<p>12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is oxygen therapy usually initiated for angina?

<p>At the onset of chest pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may provoke an attack of unstable angina, unlike typical anginal pain?

<p>Stress or emotion-provoking situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom experienced by older adults with angina?

<p>Dyspnea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during angina pectoris?

<p>Increased myocardial workload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with increased risk of adverse reactions in older adults when used for managing angina?

<p>Medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of angina pectoris?

<p>Increased myocardial demand for oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common association with angina pectoris?

<p>Significant obstruction of at least one major coronary artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is a blockage in a coronary artery?

<p>Ischemia results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does angina occur?

<p>During emotional stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the medical management of angina?

<p>Increasing coronary blood flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might provoke an attack of unstable angina?

<p>Increased emotional stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic response of angina to rest or nitroglycerin administration?

<p>Partial relief of symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic tool may show changes indicative of ischemia in a patient with angina?

<p>Electrocardiogram (ECG) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be used to restore the blood supply to the myocardium in reperfusion procedures for angina?

<p>Thrombolytic therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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