Angina Pectoris: Causes and Determinants of Myocardial Oxygen Demand
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Questions and Answers

What is the bioavailability of Isosorbide Mononitrate?

  • 100% (correct)
  • 50%
  • 75%
  • 80%

    • What is the main side effect of Amyl nitrate?

  • Orthostatic hypotension (correct)
  • Orthostatic hypertension
  • Tachycardia
  • Throbbing headache

    • What is the way to avoid tolerance to nitrates?

  • Use of Nicorandil
  • Continuous i.v infusions
  • Provision of daily nitrate-free period (correct)
  • Use of isosorbide dinitrate

    • What is the action of Nicorandil?

    <p>Vasodilator with K+ channel-opening action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication of nitrates in hypertensive emergencies?

    <p>Hypertensive emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contraindication of nitrates in patients taking?

    <p>Sildenafil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of angina pectoris?

    <p>Coronary atheroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors affects myocardial oxygen demand?

    <p>Heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of organic nitrates in angina treatment?

    <p>Releasing free nitrite ion to activate guanylyl cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of angina is associated with coronary artery spasm?

    <p>Angiospastic or variant angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for unstable angina?

    <p>Anticoagulants plus the three groups of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the prototype of organic nitrates?

    <p>Nitroglycerin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high capacity organic nitrate reductase in the liver on the oral bioavailability of traditional oral organic nitrates?

    <p>It decreases the oral bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the sublingual route preferred for achieving therapeutic blood levels of organic nitrates?

    <p>It avoids the first pass effect in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion of organic nitrate metabolites?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of sublingual nitroglycerin?

    <p>10-30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a preparation of nitroglycerin?

    <p>Intravenous Injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of isosorbide dinitrate?

    <p>Prophylaxis and maintenance therapy of angina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

    <p>Noncompetitive blockade of voltage-activated L-type calcium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following calcium channel blockers has a greater ratio of vascular smooth muscle effects?

    <p>Dihydropyridines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcium channel blockers on cardiac muscle?

    <p>Decreased contractility and sinus node rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a pharmacokinetic characteristic of calcium channel blockers?

    <p>High first pass effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcium channel blockers on smooth muscle?

    <p>Long-standing relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following calcium channel blockers can be administered by the i.v. route?

    <p>Verapamil and diltiazem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of verapamil and diltiazem on AV conduction?

    <p>They decrease AV conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Ca+ channel blockers reduce angina pectoris?

    <p>By reducing oxygen demand of the myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of nifedipine on cardiac conduction and heart rate?

    <p>It has no effect on cardiac conduction and heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using nifedipine with beta blockers in the treatment of angina?

    <p>It prevents reflex tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of verapamil on heart rate and myocardial contractility?

    <p>It slows heart rate and reduces myocardial contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of Ca+ channel blockers on arterioles?

    <p>They dilate arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

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