22 Questions
What effect can a similar structure binding the same pocket in a different way produce?
Different effect
What could explain the cutoff effect in binding pocket?
Structure becoming too large to fit in the pocket
What feature of enantiomers could prevent binding with a particular binding site?
Different shape
What determines neuronal excitability?
Size of an action potential
Which neurotransmitter shows marked potentiation of electrical response in the postsynaptic region under the influence of certain anesthetics?
GABA
What ion channel is involved in the postsynaptic potentiation of GABA-activated chloride current?
$Cl^-$ channels
Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for providing input to the cerebral cortex?
Norepinephrine (NE)
Which neurotransmitter is considered the primary site of action of dexmedetomidine?
Norepinephrine (NE)
Which type of channels are believed to primarily play a role in anesthetic action, in addition to ligand gated ion channels?
Voltage gated Na+ channels
Which neurotransmitter is the primary source of cholinergic input to the cerebral cortex?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Which ion channel is likely to be a target of anesthetics based on the information provided?
Potassium-gated ion channels
What is the main effect of anesthetics on the GABAA receptor channels, based on the information provided?
Increased Cl- current in the presence of low concentrations of GABA
Which neurotransmitter receptor is involved in enhancing higher-order brain functions such as learning, memory, and attention?
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Which type of effect on the GABAA receptor channels is seen at supraclinical concentrations of anesthetic?
Direct gating
What effect does activation of the glycine receptor produce?
Hyperpolarization
Which neurotransmitter receptor is prevalent in the brainstem and spinal cord?
Glycine receptor
Which neurotransmitter shows potentiation under the influence of certain anesthetics?
$\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Which ion channel does not appear to be involved in immobility according to the information provided?
$5-HT3$ receptor
Which type of effect on the GABAA receptor channels increases the frequency with which the channel opens or the time it remains open?
Potentiation
$\alpha$-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and Kainate receptors are activated by which neurotransmitter?
$Glutamate$
$NMDA$-activated current is inhibited by which anesthetic?
$Ketamine$
Which ion channel is not a likely target for anesthetics based on the information provided?
Sodium-gated ion channels
Test your knowledge of anesthetic effects on the nervous system with this quiz. Explore the impact of anesthetics on neuronal synaptic functions, ion channels, and the electrophysiological effects of anesthetics.
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