Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which drug is known to cause apnea and twitching as side effects?
Which drug is known to cause apnea and twitching as side effects?
Which drug is NOT suitable for TIVA (total intravenous anesthesia)?
Which drug is NOT suitable for TIVA (total intravenous anesthesia)?
Which drug has minimal haemodynamic effects?
Which drug has minimal haemodynamic effects?
Which drug is an antagonist of the NMDA receptor?
Which drug is an antagonist of the NMDA receptor?
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Which drug has the property of causing hypnosis and amnesia?
Which drug has the property of causing hypnosis and amnesia?
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Which drug is only licensed for use in dogs, cats, and rabbits in the UK?
Which drug is only licensed for use in dogs, cats, and rabbits in the UK?
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Which drug is highly protein bound and metabolized by the liver?
Which drug is highly protein bound and metabolized by the liver?
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Which drug has the property of being soluble in water and stable formation?
Which drug has the property of being soluble in water and stable formation?
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Which drug is known to have a rapid onset of action?
Which drug is known to have a rapid onset of action?
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Which drug acts on the GABA receptor to disrupt chloride ion flow?
Which drug acts on the GABA receptor to disrupt chloride ion flow?
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Which of the following is true about the pharmacodynamics of ketamine?
Which of the following is true about the pharmacodynamics of ketamine?
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Which animals are licensed to receive ketamine?
Which animals are licensed to receive ketamine?
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What is the purpose of combining ketamine with other drugs?
What is the purpose of combining ketamine with other drugs?
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What is the main use of ketamine as an induction agent?
What is the main use of ketamine as an induction agent?
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What are the potential negative side effects of ketamine in humans?
What are the potential negative side effects of ketamine in humans?
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Which volatile agents are commonly used for maintaining anesthesia?
Which volatile agents are commonly used for maintaining anesthesia?
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How are volatile agents eliminated from the body?
How are volatile agents eliminated from the body?
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What is the effect of volatile agents on the cardiopulmonary system?
What is the effect of volatile agents on the cardiopulmonary system?
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What is a consideration when using mask induction with volatile agents?
What is a consideration when using mask induction with volatile agents?
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Which animals are considered compromised when using volatile agents for anesthesia?
Which animals are considered compromised when using volatile agents for anesthesia?
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Which method of drug delivery is commonly used for induction of anesthesia in rabbits and small furries?
Which method of drug delivery is commonly used for induction of anesthesia in rabbits and small furries?
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Which method of drug delivery involves filling an induction chamber with volatile agents and oxygen?
Which method of drug delivery involves filling an induction chamber with volatile agents and oxygen?
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Which method of drug delivery involves injecting propofol slowly over about a minute?
Which method of drug delivery involves injecting propofol slowly over about a minute?
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What is the overall effect of general anesthesia on the central nervous system?
What is the overall effect of general anesthesia on the central nervous system?
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Which method of drug delivery is commonly used for induction of anesthesia in cats and dogs?
Which method of drug delivery is commonly used for induction of anesthesia in cats and dogs?
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Which method of drug delivery involves injecting into lumbar muscles?
Which method of drug delivery involves injecting into lumbar muscles?
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Which method of drug delivery involves placing the induction agent into the water for fish?
Which method of drug delivery involves placing the induction agent into the water for fish?
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Which animals are considered compromised when using volatile agents for anesthesia?
Which animals are considered compromised when using volatile agents for anesthesia?
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How are volatile agents eliminated from the body?
How are volatile agents eliminated from the body?
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Which drug is known to have relative minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression?
Which drug is known to have relative minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression?
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What are the pharmacokinetic properties of propofol?
What are the pharmacokinetic properties of propofol?
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Which drug acts as a GABAA allosteric modulator?
Which drug acts as a GABAA allosteric modulator?
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Which drug has the property of causing hypnosis and amnesia?
Which drug has the property of causing hypnosis and amnesia?
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Which drug has the property of rapid onset?
Which drug has the property of rapid onset?
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Which drug has the property of rapid metabolism to inactive metabolites?
Which drug has the property of rapid metabolism to inactive metabolites?
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Which drug is known to cause apnea and twitching as side effects?
Which drug is known to cause apnea and twitching as side effects?
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Which drug is suitable for use in dogs, cats, and rabbits in the UK?
Which drug is suitable for use in dogs, cats, and rabbits in the UK?
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Which drug is an antagonist of the NMDA receptor?
Which drug is an antagonist of the NMDA receptor?
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Which drug has the property of causing minimal neurological effects such as seizures or myoclonus or antianalgesia or neurotoxicity?
Which drug has the property of causing minimal neurological effects such as seizures or myoclonus or antianalgesia or neurotoxicity?
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Which of the following animals is NOT licensed to receive ketamine?
Which of the following animals is NOT licensed to receive ketamine?
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Which of the following is NOT a pharmacodynamic effect of ketamine?
Which of the following is NOT a pharmacodynamic effect of ketamine?
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Which of the following is a potential negative side effect of ketamine in humans?
Which of the following is a potential negative side effect of ketamine in humans?
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Which of the following is true about the pharmacokinetics of volatile agents?
Which of the following is true about the pharmacokinetics of volatile agents?
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Which of the following is a highly depressant effect of volatile agents on the cardiopulmonary system?
Which of the following is a highly depressant effect of volatile agents on the cardiopulmonary system?
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Which of the following is NOT a consideration when using mask induction with volatile agents?
Which of the following is NOT a consideration when using mask induction with volatile agents?
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Which of the following is a correct statement about the speed of induction of anesthesia?
Which of the following is a correct statement about the speed of induction of anesthesia?
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Which of the following animals are considered compromised when using volatile agents for anesthesia?
Which of the following animals are considered compromised when using volatile agents for anesthesia?
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Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of ketamine as an analgesic?
Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of ketamine as an analgesic?
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Which of the following animals is NOT commonly licensed to receive ketamine?
Which of the following animals is NOT commonly licensed to receive ketamine?
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Study Notes
Anesthesia and Drugs Overview
- Apnea and twitching are known side effects of ketamine.
- Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is not suitable for the volatile agent isoflurane.
- Drugs with minimal hemodynamic effects include propofol.
- Ketamine acts as an antagonist of the NMDA receptor.
- Various drugs cause hypnosis and amnesia, with propofol being a notable example.
- In the UK, ketamine is licensed for use in dogs, cats, and rabbits.
- Drugs like propofol are highly protein-bound and metabolized by the liver.
- Midazolam is soluble in water and maintains stable formation.
- Rapid onset of action is a characteristic of both propofol and ketamine.
- Drugs such as propofol disrupt chloride ion flow via GABA receptors.
Ketamine and its Effects
- Ketamine is licensed for use in dogs, cats, and rabbits but not for reptiles.
- Combining ketamine with other drugs enhances analgesic effects and reduces side effects.
- Ketamine serves mainly as an induction agent for producing dissociative anesthesia.
- Potential negative side effects of ketamine in humans include hallucinations and increased blood pressure.
Volatile Agents and Anesthesia Maintenance
- Common volatile agents for maintaining anesthesia include isoflurane and sevoflurane.
- These agents are eliminated from the body primarily through exhalation.
- Volatile agents can have a significant depressant effect on the cardiopulmonary system.
- Mask induction with volatile agents can pose risks, especially for animals with respiratory compromise.
- Animals such as geriatric or those with underlying health problems are considered compromised under these agents.
Methods of Drug Delivery
- Induction for rabbits and small furries is often done via inhalation methods.
- Induction chambers are filled with volatile agents for administering anesthesia to various species.
- Injecting propofol slowly over about a minute is a common method for induction in dogs and cats.
- Lumbar muscle injections are suitable for certain induction protocols.
- Fish induction can utilize immersion in water containing anesthetic agents.
General Anesthesia Considerations
- General anesthesia broadly inhibits central nervous system activity, leading to unconsciousness.
- Rapid metabolism to inactive metabolites is a characteristic of propofol.
- Ketamine is known for causing relatively minimal cardiovascular and respiratory depression.
Pharmacokinetics and Effects
- Propofol acts as a GABAA allosteric modulator, enhancing GABA effects.
- Understanding pharmacokinetics of volatile agents is crucial for effective anesthesia management.
- While volatile agents can impair cardiopulmonary function, they are also necessary for stable anesthesia in appropriate conditions.
- Mask induction considerations include the animal's health status and the agent's properties to avoid complications during anesthesia induction.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the different methods of drug delivery for inducing anesthesia. Learn about intramuscular, intravenous, and subcutaneous administration techniques. Perfect for veterinary professionals and animal lovers.
