Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary aim of administering benzodiazepines before general anesthesia?
What is the primary aim of administering benzodiazepines before general anesthesia?
Which drug class is preferred to prevent vagal bradycardia while minimizing CNS effects?
Which drug class is preferred to prevent vagal bradycardia while minimizing CNS effects?
What is a potential side effect of opioid analgesics when used as preanaesthetic medication?
What is a potential side effect of opioid analgesics when used as preanaesthetic medication?
Which medication class is used to expedite gastric emptying before emergency surgery?
Which medication class is used to expedite gastric emptying before emergency surgery?
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What defines conscious sedation in a clinical setting?
What defines conscious sedation in a clinical setting?
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Study Notes
Preanaesthetic Medication
- Used to make anesthesia more pleasant and safe
- Aims to reduce anxiety and apprehension
- Benzodiazepines (BZDs) like diazepam, lorazepam, or midazolam are preferred due to sedative, amnesic, calming, and anxiolytic effects, and wide safety margins
- Act on the limbic system to reduce anxiety
Preventing Vagal Bradycardia and Reducing Salivary Secretions
- Antimuscarinic agents like atropine or glycopyrrolate used to prevent vagal bradycardia and hypotension
- Glycopyrrolate is preferred due to its potency, lack of significant CNS effects, and less tachycardia
Relieving Pain
- Opioid analgesics like morphine, pethidine, or fentanyl used to relieve pre- and postoperative pain
- Limitations include respiratory depression, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, constipation, biliary spasm, and bronchospasm in asthmatics
- NSAIDs like diclofenac can also be used
Antiemetic Effects
- Metoclopramide, domperidone, or ondansetron used to control vomiting
Preventing Acid Secretion and Stress Ulcers
- H2-blockers like ranitidine and proton-pump inhibitors like omeprazole used to reduce gastric acid secretion, especially before long surgeries
Hastening Gastric Emptying
- Metoclopramide or domperidone used to increase lower esophageal sphincter tone and accelerate gastric emptying, preventing aspiration pneumonia
- These are prokinetic drugs
Conscious Sedation
- Level of CNS depression where patients do not lose consciousness but can communicate and cooperate during procedures/treatment
- Indications include uncooperative and anxious patients
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of preanesthetic medication, including its purpose, the use of benzodiazepines, and approaches to managing vagal bradycardia. Additionally, it addresses pain management techniques and antiemetic options available during anesthesia. Test your knowledge on these crucial topics in anesthesia practice.
