28 Questions
Which type of anemia is characterized by inadequate synthesis of thymidine and defective DNA replication?
Megaloblastic Anemia
What is the underlying cause of Myelophthisic Anemia?
Extensive infiltration of the marrow by tumors or other lesions
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Megaloblastic Anemia?
Macrocytic anemia
What is the underlying cause of Aplastic Anemia?
Bone marrow failure due to toxins, radiation, drugs, viruses, or telomerase defects
What is the effect of inflammatory cytokines on hepcidin levels?
Increase hepcidin levels
What is the primary cause of tooth structure destruction in dental caries?
Acid end products of sugar fermentation by bacteria
What is the characteristic of gingivitis?
Reversible inflammation of the mucosa
What is the result of periodontitis if left untreated?
Eventual loss of dentition
What is the characteristic of herpes simplex virus infection in the oral cavity?
Vesicles that rupture and heal, without scarring
What is the etiology of aphthous ulcers?
Unknown etiology
What is the age group most affected by dental caries as a cause of tooth loss?
Individuals < 35 years of age
What is the most common tumor found in the jaws?
Ameloblastoma
What is the characteristic of Odontogenic keratocyst?
It is locally aggressive, with a high recurrence rate.
What is the term for the abnormal passage between the esophagus and the trachea?
Fistula
What is the triad of symptoms associated with Achalasia?
Incomplete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, increased LES tone, and esophageal aperistalsis
What is the most common esophageal laceration?
Mallory-Weiss tears
What is the histopathologic finding of esophageal mucosal injury caused by HSV or CMV?
Nuclear viral inclusions within rim of degenerating epithelial cells at ulcer edge
What is the percentage of risk factor for gallstones in females?
5%
What is the characteristic of exophytic pattern of growth in pancreatic tumors?
Irregular, cauliflower mass in the lumen
What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
Long-term alcohol abuse
What is the feature of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas?
Obstructive jaundice
How many genes are affected in pancreatic cancer?
4
What is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children under 2 years old?
Intussusception
What is the result of defective neural crest cell migration from the cecum to the rectum?
Hirschsprung disease
What is the most common location of ischemic bowel disease?
Splenic flexure, sigmoid colon, and rectum
What is the common cause of lower GI bleeding in older adults?
Angiodysplasia
What is the definition of diarrhea?
An increase in stool mass, frequency, fluidity, and amounts greater than 200 grams per day
What is the term for collateral vessels that form in response to venous hypertension?
Hemorrhoids
Test your knowledge of different types of anemia, including those caused by inflammatory cytokines, deficiencies of folate or vitamin B12, and other factors. Learn about the characteristics and effects of each type.
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