Anemia Overview: Causes, Symptoms, and Epidemiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a reticulocyte count?

  • To measure the level of folic acid in the blood
  • To diagnose hypothyroidism
  • To determine if the body is producing enough vitamin B12
  • To check if the bone marrow is producing the right amount of red blood cells (correct)

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a positive Coombs test?

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Megaloblastic anemia
  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (correct)

What is the significance of a low serum ferritin level?

  • It rules out iron deficiency
  • It confirms iron deficiency (correct)
  • It suggests anemia of chronic disease
  • It indicates hypothyroidism

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?

<p>Microcytic anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a high LDH level in the blood?

<p>It indicates hemolysis or tissue damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of anemia in women of childbearing age?

<p>Iron deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a comprehensive chemistry profile in the evaluation of anemia?

<p>To identify underlying causes of anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?

<p>Shortened red blood cell survival (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a low haptoglobin level?

<p>It indicates hemolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common finding in patients with hypothyroidism?

<p>Decreased production of red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial approach to treating iron deficiency anemia?

<p>Oral iron therapy every other day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal when switching from oral to IV iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia?

<p>To make up for the lost amount of iron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of healthy clotting?

<p>Von Willebrand Factor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of a clot in an unbroken vessel?

<p>Thrombus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory test that can indicate the presence of a clot somewhere in the body?

<p>D-Dimer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders can predispose to bleeding?

<p>Iron deficiency anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the condition of having elevated platelet levels?

<p>Thrombocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Polycythemia Vera that leads to hyperviscosity?

<p>Increased total blood contents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypercoagulability?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the laboratory test that assesses platelet function?

<p>PFA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hemoglobin inside red blood cells?

<p>To carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for anemia?

<p>Having a healthy immune system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate proportion of the world's population affected by anemia?

<p>30% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of blood production in adults?

<p>The bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of white blood cell?

<p>Neutrophil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of anemia?

<p>Decreased ability to remove CO2 from tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic test for iron overload?

<p>Liver biopsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hepatic iron index used to diagnose?

<p>Homozygous hemochromatosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is not associated with infections in patients with hemochromatosis?

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of affected males that develop cirrhosis?

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic radiologic finding in the MCP joints of patients with hemochromatosis?

<p>Hook-like osteophytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with hemochromatosis?

<p>Phlebotomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common endocrine abnormality in patients with hemochromatosis?

<p>Hypogonadism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of phlebotomy treatment in patients with hemochromatosis?

<p>Maintain ferritin levels at 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dose of morphine for pain management in patients with hemochromatosis?

<p>5-10mg IV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of transfusion in patients with hemochromatosis?

<p>Increase oxygenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of RBCs in the blood that Hematocrit (Hct) measures?

<p>The percentage of RBCs in your blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the measurement of the Red Blood Cell Volume?

<p>Mean Corpuscular Volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a decrease in RDW and a normal RDW?

<p>A decrease in RDW indicates very little variation in size of RBC, while a normal RDW indicates variation in size of RBC (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MCV range for microcytic anemia?

<p>MCV &lt; 100 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the additional category of macrocytic anemia besides MCV > 110?

<p>Megaloblastic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of megaloblastic anemia due to cells sticking together and being read as one by the machine?

<p>Spurious Megaloblastic anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for B12 deficiency in patients with intrinsic factor deficiency?

<p>IM injection of B12 for life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the test used to differentiate between B12 and folate deficiencies?

<p>Methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels and homocysteine levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic value of ferritin levels?

<p>A proxy for storage of iron in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of transferrin saturation levels less than 20%?

<p>Iron deficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of therapeutic phlebotomy in the treatment of Polycythemia Vera?

<p>Achieving hemoglobin levels within normal range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major criterion for the diagnosis of Polycythemia Vera?

<p>Serum EPO level below normal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying mechanism of Factor V Leiden mutation that leads to hypercoagulability?

<p>Resistance of Factor V to inactivation by Protein C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common inherited cause of hypercoagulability that results from a single point mutation?

<p>Factor V Leiden mutation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sleep apnea on hematopoiesis?

<p>Increased production of red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of daily aspirin in the treatment of Polycythemia Vera?

<p>Reducing platelet activity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of first VTE for compound heterozygotes with FVL and G20210A?

<p>20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Protein C in the coagulation cascade?

<p>Inactivate Factor V and Factor VIII (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of Protein C deficiency?

<p>Type 1: reduced protein C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Wells Score in diagnosing DVT?

<p>To determine the probability of DVT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for acute proximal DVT?

<p>Three months of continuous anticoagulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the PERC rule in diagnosing PE?

<p>To determine the probability of PE in low-risk patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the testing of choice for diagnosing PE?

<p>CTA with PE protocol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a massive PE?

<p>Hemodynamic instability, generally hypotension/shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of obtaining troponin values in patients with PE?

<p>To categorize PE into low-risk, submassive, or massive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a superficial thrombosis in the context of DVT?

<p>Treatment depends on multiple factors and is not always required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended treatment duration for low-risk Pulmonary Embolism?

<p>3-6 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it recommended to consider testing for thrombophilias?

<p>Only when it will change the treatment plan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of IVC Filters?

<p>To catch a clot trying to travel to the lungs from the lower extremities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment duration for an unprovoked Pulmonary Embolism?

<p>Long-term anticoagulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition caused by antibodies that form to heparin-platelet complex?

<p>Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method of prophylaxis in patients with a high risk of VTE?

<p>Pharmacologic and mechanical prophylaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of VITT based on?

<p>All 5 criteria: COVID vaccine, thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, PF4-ELISA, and imaging (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for confirmed VITT?

<p>Initiate therapy with non-heparin anticoagulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disorder characterized by decreased platelets and bleeding?

<p>Thrombocytopenia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a condition that can raise ferritin levels?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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