Anemia Clinical Presentation

What may help improve response to ESA treatment?

Which of the following is NOT a potential toxicity of exogenous ESA administration?

What is a potential side effect of exogenous ESA administration as mentioned in the text?

Which mineral supplementation is suggested to potentially improve response to ESA treatment?

What symptom is NOT associated with exogenous ESA administration according to the text?

Which vitamin supplementation is hinted at for better response to ESA treatment?

What is a common side effect mentioned for exogenous ESA administration?

Anemia

Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to decreased absorption of vitamin B12, resulting in pernicious anemia.
Anemia is often associated with malignant, infectious, or inflammatory processes, tissue injury, and conditions that release proinflammatory cytokines.

Clinical Presentation of Anemia

Acute-onset anemia: cardiorespiratory symptoms, including palpitations, angina, orthostatic light-headedness, and breathlessness.
Chronic anemia: weakness, fatigue, headache, orthopnea, dyspnea on exertion, vertigo, faintness, cold sensitivity, and pallor.

Clinical Presentation of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

Glossal pain, smooth tongue, reduced salivary flow, pica (compulsive eating of nonfood items), and pagophagia (compulsive eating of ice).

Neurologic Effects of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Numbness and paraesthesia may occur before hematologic changes.
Anemia with folate deficiency is not associated with neurologic symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Anemia

Rapid diagnosis is crucial because anemia is often a sign of underlying pathology.
Iron, cobalamin, and folic acid supplementation may improve response to erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment.
Potential toxicities of exogenous ESA administration include increased blood pressure, nausea, headache, fever, bone pain, and fatigue.

Learn about the clinical presentation of anemia including acute-onset and chronic symptoms, as well as specific characteristics of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Explore cardiorespiratory symptoms, weakness, glossal pain, pica, and more.