Anemia and Related Conditions Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the primary physiological role of erythropoietin in the body?

Stimulates red blood cell production (correct)

Increases platelet count

Promotes white blood cell maturation

Regulates iron metabolism

Which nutritional deficiency is commonly linked to the development of anemia?

Calcium

Vitamin C

Iron (correct)

Vitamin D

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with anemia?

Skin rash (correct)

Fatigue

Tachycardia

Dizziness

What might be a primary cause of macrocytic anemia?

Vitamin B12 deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is appropriate for managing a patient with anemia?

Providing iron-rich foods Signup and view all the answers

In which situation may hypoproliferative anemia occur?

Bone marrow dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical manifestation of anemia that affects oxygen delivery?

Shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

Which food is considered high in iron for vegetarians?

Tofu Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary genetic defect in sickle cell anemia?

A mutation in the hemoglobin gene Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor that can precipitate a sickle cell crisis?

High levels of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of hemoglobin S is typically seen in someone with sickle cell disease?

80% to 100% Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is essential for managing a client with sickle cell anemia during a crisis?

Ensuring adequate hydration Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with sickle cell anemia?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of aplastic anemia?

Medication and radiation exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most closely associated with thrombocytopenia in aplastic anemia?

Hemorrhage and ecchymosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of performing a bone marrow aspiration or biopsy?

To assess if the bone marrow is producing normal blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is essential for a patient with aplastic anemia?

Monitor labs regularly Signup and view all the answers

What are common complications of bone marrow transplantation?

Graft-versus-host disease and organ damage Signup and view all the answers

What type of therapy is commonly used to treat aplastic anemia?

Immunosuppressive therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)?

Mouth ulcers and abdominal pain Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken concerning visitors for a patient with neutropenia?

Screen visitors for infection control Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential long-term complication of bone marrow transplantation?

Cataracts and new cancers Signup and view all the answers

How does hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) help patients with damaged bone marrow?

By infusing healthy stem cells to restore blood production Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a contributing factor to folic acid deficiency anemia?

Chronic alcohol abuse Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates folic acid deficiency anemia from vitamin B12 deficiency?

Nervous system functions remain normal in folic acid deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which food is NOT a good dietary source of folic acid?

Chicken Signup and view all the answers

Which type of anemia occurs due to the inability of the bone marrow to increase red blood cell production?

Aplastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with erythropoiesis stimulation treatment?

Increased risk of stroke Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of folic acid supplementation?

Bronchospasm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of hemolytic and aplastic anemia?

Shortness of breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of anemia related to nutritional deficiency?

Iron deficiency anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is NOT typically employed for clients with hemolytic or aplastic anemia?

Administer iron supplements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a manifestation of iron deficiency anemia?

Microcytic red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for managing a client with iron deficiency anemia?

Administer iron preparations as prescribed Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to malabsorption causing folic acid deficiency anemia?

Crohn's disease Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse advise a client regarding ferrous sulfate?

Stools will appear black. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common drug that could contribute to folic acid deficiency anemia?

Anticonvulsants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hemolytic anemia?

Decreased rate of production of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

In which group of individuals is iron deficiency anemia most commonly seen?

Infants and young women Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when administering erythropoiesis stimulating agents intravenously?

Shaking the vial before use Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical side effect of erythropoiesis stimulating agents that patients should be monitored for?

Chest pain or heart attack Signup and view all the answers

In regards to dietary recommendations for improving iron absorption, which food type is beneficial?

Foods high in Vitamin C Signup and view all the answers

What could indicate chronic blood loss contributing to iron deficiency anemia?

Bleeding ulcer Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Student Learning Outcomes

Differentiate between hypoproliferative and hemolytic anemias, including physiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations.
Understand neutropenia and lymphopenia processes, focusing on medical and nursing management.
Utilize the nursing process for patient care in conditions like sickle cell disease and thalassemia.

Anemia Overview

Characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues.
Identified by decreased RBC count, hemoglobin (Hgb), or hematocrit (Hct) levels.

Contributing Factors to Anemia

Acute/chronic blood loss, such as gastrointestinal bleeding.
Increased RBC destruction due to conditions like spleen disease.
Impaired bone marrow function from chemotherapy or diseases like mononucleosis.
Decreased erythropoietin production associated with renal failure.
Nutritional deficiencies, particularly iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and intrinsic factor.

Clinical Manifestations of Anemia

Signs include fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, and pallor.
Cardiovascular symptoms like tachycardia, murmurs, and orthostatic hypotension.
Respiratory symptoms, including shortness of breath and decreased oxygen saturation.

Nursing Interventions for Anemia

Monitor laboratory values (RBC, Hgb, Hct).
Encourage activity within tolerance and provide frequent rest.
Maintain skin integrity and prevent breakdown.
Administer oxygen therapy as needed and provide prescribed blood products.
Suggest iron-rich diets including meats, legumes, and fortified cereals.

Iron Sources for Vegans/Vegetarians

Plant-based options, such as tofu, legumes (lentils, beans), wholegrain cereals, and green vegetables.
Nuts, seeds, dried fruits, and eggs are valuable sources.

Types of Anemia - Renal Disease

Etiology includes renal failure leading to insufficient erythropoietin.
Epoetin injection (synthetic erythropoietin) can be prescribed to stimulate RBC production.

Epoetin Alfa (Epogen/Procrit)

A synthetic erythropoietin produced via recombinant DNA technology.
Nursing considerations: Administer subcutaneously without shaking the vial and avoid certain diluents.
Monitor for potential adverse events: heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and blood clots.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Arises from low iron levels; iron stores deplete before hemoglobin.
Frequently seen in infants, older adults, and women due to menstruation or pregnancy.

Aplastic Anemia

Results from bone marrow suppression leading to low levels of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
Associated with medications, viral infections, toxins, and radiation exposure.

Aplastic Anemia Manifestations and Nursing Interventions

Patients may exhibit hypoxia, fatigue, pallor, increased infection risk, and bleeding tendencies.
Nursing actions include lab monitoring, protective isolation, and preparing for bone marrow biopsy.

Bone Marrow Aspirations/Biopsy

Conducted to assess the functionality of bone marrow and blood cell production.

Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

Can occur after allogeneic transplants when donor cells attack the recipient's body.
Symptoms may include mouth ulcers and abdominal pain; treatment involves immunosuppressants.

Hemolytic and Aplastic Anemia

These anemias occur when bone marrow cannot compensate for premature RBC destruction.
Common causes include trauma, infections, and transfusion reactions.

Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic condition, common among African American and Mediterranean populations, where Hgb assumes a sickle shape.
Contributing factors for crisis include stress, dehydration, high altitudes, and infections.

Nursing Interventions for Sickle Cell Anemia

Promote hydration and oxygen therapy.
Administer medications for pain management, and advise clients to avoid triggers like high altitudes and extremes in temperature.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the different types of anemia, including hypoproliferative and hemolytic forms. This quiz will also cover neutropenia, lymphopenia, and the nursing management of these conditions. Understand the physiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations associated with anemia and related disorders.