Anemia and Blood Composition Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

  • Carrying nutrients to tissues
  • Removing carbon dioxide and delivering oxygen (correct)
  • Participating in immune response
  • Carrying waste away from tissues

    • Anemia is defined as a condition in which the hemoglobin concentration is higher than normal.

    False

    What is the role of plasma in the blood?

    Plasma carries antibodies, nutrients, and waste.

    Erythrocytes with a normal size or volume are referred to as ________.

    <p>normocytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Normocytic = Normal size or volume RBCs Microcytic = Small size RBCs Macrocytic = Large size RBCs Hypochromic = Low hemoglobin concentration in RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components of blood is responsible for immune response?

    <p>Leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hematocrit shows how much of the blood consists of white blood cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured alongside red blood cells to diagnose types of anemia?

    <p>Hemoglobin and hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of anemia in children?

    <p>Not getting enough iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anemia is primarily a disease rather than a symptom.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary issues that lead to anemia?

    <p>Deficient production of red blood cells and excessive destruction of red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the symptoms of anemia is _____, which refers to difficulty catching a breath.

    <p>breathlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of anemia?

    <p>Improved appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of anemia with their causes:

    <p>Iron deficiency anemia = Low iron intake Megaloblastic anemia = Vitamin B12 deficiency Hemolytic anemia = Red cell destruction Aplastic anemia = Bone marrow failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical sign of hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aplastic anemia is caused by excessive production of red blood cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) in a child?

    <p>Splenic sequestration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sickle cell disease can lead to increased risk of infections in children.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic mutation causes Pediatric Thalassemia?

    <p>Mutations in the DNA that produce hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in children?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children with thalassemia may need ________ to support their growth and development.

    <p>blood transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sickle Cell Disease can only be found in individuals of African descent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethnic groups have a higher likelihood of developing beta thalassemia?

    <p>People of Greek ancestry and those from the Mediterranean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible serious complication of Sickle Cell Disease that involves blocked oxygen flow in the lungs?

    <p>Acute chest syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute chest syndrome can lead to lasting lung damage over time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sickle cells get stuck in small blood vessels, which can cause __________.

    <p>pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of thalassemia with their descriptions:

    <p>Silent carrier = Genetic mutation without symptoms Alpha thalassemia trait = Causes mild anemia Hb H disease = Leads to mild to moderate anemia Alpha thalassemia major = Most severe form of alpha thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Painful episodes in sickle cell disease are commonly referred to as ________.

    <p>crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is often used to prevent infections in children with Sickle Cell Disease?

    <p>Vaccines and antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the symptom of Sickle Cell Disease with its corresponding description:

    <p>Anemia = Pale appearance and fatigue Jaundice = Yellowing of skin and eyes Pain crisis = Sudden pain from blocked blood flow Splenic sequestration = Enlarged and painful spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydroxyurea is used in the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease to prevent severe anemia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a blood test that can determine if a child is a carrier of the sickle cell gene?

    <p>Hemoglobin electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most severe form of beta thalassemia?

    <p>Thalassemia major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood transfusions are not required for children with beta thalassemia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one symptom associated with severe pediatric thalassemia.

    <p>Noticeably pale skin or jaundice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children with thalassemia may need a ____________ to remove their enlarged spleen.

    <p>splenectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the condition with its description:

    <p>Beta thalassemia trait = Mild to moderate anemia Thalassemia major = Severe form requiring blood transfusions Aplastic anemia = Too few blood cells produced Bone marrow transplant = Cure for thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of blood transfusions in children with severe thalassemia?

    <p>Risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aplastic anemia results from the bone marrow producing too many red blood cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ongoing treatment do children with severe forms of thalassemia typically require?

    <p>Lifelong blood transfusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Increased risk of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sickle cell disease is caused by a child inheriting two sickle cell genes, one from each parent.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plasmapheresis used for in the context of hemolytic anemia?

    <p>To remove antibodies from the blood that destroy red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A child born with sickle cell disease produces an abnormal type of ______.

    <p>hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following complications with their descriptions:

    <p>Gallstones = Solid particles formed in the gallbladder. Pulmonary emboli = Blood clots that travel to the lungs. Kidney failure = Loss of kidney function. Heart failure = Inability of the heart to pump blood effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is primarily affected by sickle cell disease?

    <p>People from Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children with sickle cell disease have a lower risk of serious infections due to the health of their spleen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape do the red blood cells take when affected by sickle cell disease?

    <p>C shape or sickle shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Blood Disorders Overview

    • Blood is a vital fluid tissue, circulated by the heart, carrying essential elements throughout the body.
    • Blood components include plasma (liquid), erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets).

    Blood Components and Functions

    • Plasma: Transports antibodies and nutrients to tissues, and removes waste.
    • Erythrocytes (RBCs): Carry oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide. Crucial for oxygen transport.
    • Leukocytes (WBCs): Participate in inflammatory and immune responses. Essential for the body's defense.
    • Thrombocytes (Platelets): Involved in blood clotting.

    Blood Components Proportions

    • Plasma makes up 55% of blood.
    • Red blood cells make up 45% of blood.
    • White blood cells and platelets make up less than 1%.

    Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

    • Hemoglobin (Hgb): A protein in RBCs giving blood its red color. Binds oxygen in the lungs and transports it to body cells, and carries away carbon dioxide.
    • Hematocrit (Hct): Reflects the percentage of blood comprised of red blood cells. Hct values change with hemoglobin levels.

    Red Blood Cell (RBC) Indices

    • Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): Average size of RBCs. Normal range: 80-100 fL. Terms like "microcytic" (too small) and "macrocytic" (too large) describe deviations.

    • Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): Measures variability in RBC size. Normal range: 11.5-14.5%. High RDW suggests anisocytosis (variation in RBC sizes).

    • Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): Amount of hemoglobin in an average RBC. Normal range: 26-34 pg/cell.

    • Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): Average concentration of hemoglobin in an average RBC. Normal range: 31-37 g/dL. "Normochromic" and "hypochromic" describe MCHC deviations.

    Anemia

    • Anemia: Condition characterized by lower-than-normal hemoglobin, hematocrit, or RBC count. This reflects fewer erythrocytes in circulation.
    • Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
    • Causes: decreased RBC production, increased RBC destruction, or blood loss.

    Anemia Diagnosis and Classification

    • Diagnosis often involves linking RBC measurements (count, Hct and Hgb) to derive MCV and MCHC.
    • RBC morphology: normocytic, macrocytic, or microcytic (based on MCV), normochromic, hypochromic (based on MCHC).
    • Iron deficiency anemia: Often appears microcytic and hypochromic.
    • Megaloblastic anemia: Often appears macrocytic and normochromic.
    • Hemolytic anemia: Red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced.
    • Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): Red blood cells take on an abnormal (sickle) shape, leading to clumping and various complications.
    • Thalassemia: Inherited blood disorder impacting hemoglobin production.
    • Aplastic anemia: Bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells.

    Causes of Anemia - Child Specific

    • Iron deficiency: Poor diet, growth spurts, gastrointestinal issues, blood loss.
    • Megaloblastic: Lack of folic acid or vitamin B12, digestive issues, inherited problems.
    • Hemolytic: Inherited conditions (sickle cell, thalassemia), infections, autoimmune diseases, certain medications.
    • SCD: Inherited genetic condition.
    • Thalassemia: Inherited genetic condition.
    • Aplastic: Idiopathic (unknown cause) or secondary to infections, medications, or toxins.

    Symptoms of Anemia - Child Specific

    • Pallor, irritability, fussiness, fatigue, shortness of breath, jaundice, enlarged spleen, abnormal heart sounds, delayed growth.

    Diagnosis of Anemia - Child Specific

    • Often involves blood tests (Hgb, Hct, CBC), peripheral blood smear, and sometimes marrow aspiration/biopsy.

    Treatment of Anemia - Child Specific

    • Supportive care, supplements (iron, B12, folic acid), blood transfusions, medications, surgery (splenectomy), bone marrow transplant.

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    Anemia Overview PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on anemia and the components of blood with this informative quiz. Explore questions regarding erythrocytes, plasma functions, and the symptoms and causes of anemia. Perfect for students in healthcare or biology courses!

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