Anemia and Blood Composition Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

  • Carrying nutrients to tissues
  • Removing carbon dioxide and delivering oxygen (correct)
  • Participating in immune response
  • Carrying waste away from tissues

Anemia is defined as a condition in which the hemoglobin concentration is higher than normal.

False (B)

What is the role of plasma in the blood?

Plasma carries antibodies, nutrients, and waste.

Erythrocytes with a normal size or volume are referred to as ________.

<p>normocytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

<p>Normocytic = Normal size or volume RBCs Microcytic = Small size RBCs Macrocytic = Large size RBCs Hypochromic = Low hemoglobin concentration in RBCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of blood is responsible for immune response?

<p>Leukocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hematocrit shows how much of the blood consists of white blood cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is measured alongside red blood cells to diagnose types of anemia?

<p>Hemoglobin and hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of anemia in children?

<p>Not getting enough iron (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anemia is primarily a disease rather than a symptom.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary issues that lead to anemia?

<p>Deficient production of red blood cells and excessive destruction of red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the symptoms of anemia is _____, which refers to difficulty catching a breath.

<p>breathlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of anemia?

<p>Improved appetite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of anemia with their causes:

<p>Iron deficiency anemia = Low iron intake Megaloblastic anemia = Vitamin B12 deficiency Hemolytic anemia = Red cell destruction Aplastic anemia = Bone marrow failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical sign of hemolytic anemia?

<p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aplastic anemia is caused by excessive production of red blood cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) in a child?

<p>Splenic sequestration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sickle cell disease can lead to increased risk of infections in children.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic mutation causes Pediatric Thalassemia?

<p>Mutations in the DNA that produce hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) in children?

<p>Anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with thalassemia may need ________ to support their growth and development.

<p>blood transfusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sickle Cell Disease can only be found in individuals of African descent.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic groups have a higher likelihood of developing beta thalassemia?

<p>People of Greek ancestry and those from the Mediterranean (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible serious complication of Sickle Cell Disease that involves blocked oxygen flow in the lungs?

<p>Acute chest syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute chest syndrome can lead to lasting lung damage over time.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sickle cells get stuck in small blood vessels, which can cause __________.

<p>pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of thalassemia with their descriptions:

<p>Silent carrier = Genetic mutation without symptoms Alpha thalassemia trait = Causes mild anemia Hb H disease = Leads to mild to moderate anemia Alpha thalassemia major = Most severe form of alpha thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Painful episodes in sickle cell disease are commonly referred to as ________.

<p>crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is often used to prevent infections in children with Sickle Cell Disease?

<p>Vaccines and antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the symptom of Sickle Cell Disease with its corresponding description:

<p>Anemia = Pale appearance and fatigue Jaundice = Yellowing of skin and eyes Pain crisis = Sudden pain from blocked blood flow Splenic sequestration = Enlarged and painful spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hydroxyurea is used in the treatment of Sickle Cell Disease to prevent severe anemia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a blood test that can determine if a child is a carrier of the sickle cell gene?

<p>Hemoglobin electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most severe form of beta thalassemia?

<p>Thalassemia major (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood transfusions are not required for children with beta thalassemia.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one symptom associated with severe pediatric thalassemia.

<p>Noticeably pale skin or jaundice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with thalassemia may need a ____________ to remove their enlarged spleen.

<p>splenectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the condition with its description:

<p>Beta thalassemia trait = Mild to moderate anemia Thalassemia major = Severe form requiring blood transfusions Aplastic anemia = Too few blood cells produced Bone marrow transplant = Cure for thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of blood transfusions in children with severe thalassemia?

<p>Risk of infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aplastic anemia results from the bone marrow producing too many red blood cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ongoing treatment do children with severe forms of thalassemia typically require?

<p>Lifelong blood transfusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of hemolytic anemia?

<p>Increased risk of infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sickle cell disease is caused by a child inheriting two sickle cell genes, one from each parent.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is plasmapheresis used for in the context of hemolytic anemia?

<p>To remove antibodies from the blood that destroy red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A child born with sickle cell disease produces an abnormal type of ______.

<p>hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following complications with their descriptions:

<p>Gallstones = Solid particles formed in the gallbladder. Pulmonary emboli = Blood clots that travel to the lungs. Kidney failure = Loss of kidney function. Heart failure = Inability of the heart to pump blood effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population is primarily affected by sickle cell disease?

<p>People from Africa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Children with sickle cell disease have a lower risk of serious infections due to the health of their spleen.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape do the red blood cells take when affected by sickle cell disease?

<p>C shape or sickle shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plasma

A liquid component of blood that carries antibodies, nutrients to tissues, and waste away.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells (RBCs) that carry oxygen to the tissues and remove carbon dioxide.

Leukocytes

White blood cells (WBCs) that participate in immune response and inflammation.

Hemoglobin

A protein found in RBCs that gives blood its red color. It carries oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away.

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Hematocrit

The percentage of blood volume that is made up of red blood cells.

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Anemia

A condition where the hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, or RBC count is lower than normal.

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Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

The average volume of a single red blood cell.

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Hemorrhagic Anemia

A condition where blood loss is more significant than the body's ability to replace red blood cells.

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Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

The average concentration of hemoglobin in a single red blood cell.

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Deficient Red Blood Cell Production

A condition where the body doesn't produce enough red blood cells due to various factors.

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Hemolytic Anemia

The breakdown of red blood cells faster than the body can replace them.

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Iron Deficiency Anemia

The most common type of anemia, caused by a lack of iron in the diet.

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Megaloblastic Anemia

A type of anemia resulting from large, immature red blood cells due to vitamin deficiencies.

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Sickle Cell Anemia

A condition caused by abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cells, leading to a distorted shape.

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Aplastic Anemia

A type of anemia where the bone marrow doesn't produce enough red blood cells.

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Immune Suppressant Medicines

A group of medicines used to control the immune system, which is the body's natural defense against infection. This helps reduce the body's attack on red blood cells.

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Plasmapheresis

A procedure where antibodies that are attacking red blood cells are removed from the blood. This helps to reduce the severity of hemolytic anemia.

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Stem Cell Transplant

A treatment where abnormal bone marrow cells are replaced with healthy donor bone marrow. This can help to cure or improve the symptoms of hemolytic anemia.

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Sickle Cell Disease

A blood disorder that is present from birth and is inherited from both parents. People with SCD make abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become stiff and sickle-shaped, blocking blood flow and damaging organs.

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Sickle Cell Carrier

A healthy person who carries one copy of the sickle cell gene but does not have the disease.

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Damaged Spleen

A child with sickle cell disease is more likely to develop this condition, where red blood cells get stuck in the spleen, making children more prone to infections.

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SCD Symptoms

The symptoms of sickle cell disease often start around 5 months of age and can include pain, anemia, and increased risk of infections.

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Sickle Cell Disease Risk Factors

Sickle cell disease affects individuals of African descent and Hispanics from the Caribbean. Family history of SCD increases the risk.

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Anemia in SCD

A common symptom of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) where red blood cells are abnormally shaped and cannot carry enough oxygen, leading to tiredness and paleness.

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Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS)

A serious complication of SCD where sickle cells block blood flow in the lungs, causing shortness of breath and chest pain.

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Pain Crisis (Sickle Crisis)

Painful episodes in SCD caused by sickle cells getting stuck in small blood vessels, blocking blood flow and causing pain.

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Newborn Screening for SCD

A test that detects sickle cell disease in newborns.

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Hemoglobin Electrophoresis

This test confirms the diagnosis of SCD by checking the shape and type of hemoglobin in the blood.

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Blood Transfusions for SCD

A treatment for SCD where healthy blood cells are infused into the patient's bloodstream.

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Hydroxyurea for SCD

A treatment for SCD that uses medication to help reduce the number of sickled red blood cells.

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Stem Cell Transplant for SCD

A treatment for SCD that involves replacing the patient's bone marrow with healthy stem cells, potentially curing the disease.

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What is Thalassemia?

A genetic blood disorder that disrupts the production of hemoglobin, leading to reduced red blood cell production.

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What is Alpha Thalassemia?

A type of thalassemia resulting from mutations that affect the alpha globin chain of hemoglobin.

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What is Silent Carrier Alpha Thalassemia?

Individuals with this type of Alpha thalassemia have a mutated gene but without experiencing symptoms.

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What is Alpha Thalassemia Trait?

This type of Alpha Thalassemia may cause mild anemia.

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What is Hb H Disease?

A severe type of Alpha thalassemia that can cause mild to moderate anemia and an enlarged spleen.

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What is Alpha Thalassemia Major?

The most severe form of Alpha thalassemia, requiring regular blood transfusions.

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What is Pediatric Thalassemia?

A genetic blood disorder where proteins that form hemoglobin don't work properly, resulting in insufficient hemoglobin production and anemia.

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What is Splenic Sequestration?

A serious complication of sickle cell disease that involves the pooling of red blood cells in the spleen, leading to enlargement and potential damage.

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Pediatric Thalassemia

A blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

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Thalassemia Major (Cooley's Anemia)

The most severe form of beta thalassemia. It causes severe anemia and requires lifelong blood transfusions.

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Beta Thalassemia Trait

A less severe form of thalassemia that can cause mild to moderate anemia.

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Splenectomy

A procedure to remove the spleen, which can improve anemia in some children with thalassemia.

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Jaundice

A common symptom of thalassemia, where skin and eyes appear yellow.

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Bone Marrow Transplant

A treatment option for severe thalassemia that replaces the diseased blood-forming cells with healthy ones.

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Blood Transfusions

A treatment for severe thalassemia that involves regular infusions of healthy blood to improve oxygen-carrying capacity.

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Study Notes

Blood Disorders Overview

  • Blood is a vital fluid tissue, circulated by the heart, carrying essential elements throughout the body.
  • Blood components include plasma (liquid), erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets).

Blood Components and Functions

  • Plasma: Transports antibodies and nutrients to tissues, and removes waste.
  • Erythrocytes (RBCs): Carry oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide. Crucial for oxygen transport.
  • Leukocytes (WBCs): Participate in inflammatory and immune responses. Essential for the body's defense.
  • Thrombocytes (Platelets): Involved in blood clotting.

Blood Components Proportions

  • Plasma makes up 55% of blood.
  • Red blood cells make up 45% of blood.
  • White blood cells and platelets make up less than 1%.

Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

  • Hemoglobin (Hgb): A protein in RBCs giving blood its red color. Binds oxygen in the lungs and transports it to body cells, and carries away carbon dioxide.
  • Hematocrit (Hct): Reflects the percentage of blood comprised of red blood cells. Hct values change with hemoglobin levels.

Red Blood Cell (RBC) Indices

  • Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): Average size of RBCs. Normal range: 80-100 fL. Terms like "microcytic" (too small) and "macrocytic" (too large) describe deviations.

  • Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): Measures variability in RBC size. Normal range: 11.5-14.5%. High RDW suggests anisocytosis (variation in RBC sizes).

  • Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): Amount of hemoglobin in an average RBC. Normal range: 26-34 pg/cell.

  • Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): Average concentration of hemoglobin in an average RBC. Normal range: 31-37 g/dL. "Normochromic" and "hypochromic" describe MCHC deviations.

Anemia

  • Anemia: Condition characterized by lower-than-normal hemoglobin, hematocrit, or RBC count. This reflects fewer erythrocytes in circulation.
  • Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.
  • Causes: decreased RBC production, increased RBC destruction, or blood loss.

Anemia Diagnosis and Classification

  • Diagnosis often involves linking RBC measurements (count, Hct and Hgb) to derive MCV and MCHC.
  • RBC morphology: normocytic, macrocytic, or microcytic (based on MCV), normochromic, hypochromic (based on MCHC).
  • Iron deficiency anemia: Often appears microcytic and hypochromic.
  • Megaloblastic anemia: Often appears macrocytic and normochromic.
  • Hemolytic anemia: Red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced.
  • Sickle Cell Disease (SCD): Red blood cells take on an abnormal (sickle) shape, leading to clumping and various complications.
  • Thalassemia: Inherited blood disorder impacting hemoglobin production.
  • Aplastic anemia: Bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells.

Causes of Anemia - Child Specific

  • Iron deficiency: Poor diet, growth spurts, gastrointestinal issues, blood loss.
  • Megaloblastic: Lack of folic acid or vitamin B12, digestive issues, inherited problems.
  • Hemolytic: Inherited conditions (sickle cell, thalassemia), infections, autoimmune diseases, certain medications.
  • SCD: Inherited genetic condition.
  • Thalassemia: Inherited genetic condition.
  • Aplastic: Idiopathic (unknown cause) or secondary to infections, medications, or toxins.

Symptoms of Anemia - Child Specific

  • Pallor, irritability, fussiness, fatigue, shortness of breath, jaundice, enlarged spleen, abnormal heart sounds, delayed growth.

Diagnosis of Anemia - Child Specific

  • Often involves blood tests (Hgb, Hct, CBC), peripheral blood smear, and sometimes marrow aspiration/biopsy.

Treatment of Anemia - Child Specific

  • Supportive care, supplements (iron, B12, folic acid), blood transfusions, medications, surgery (splenectomy), bone marrow transplant.

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Description

Test your knowledge on anemia and the components of blood with this informative quiz. Explore questions regarding erythrocytes, plasma functions, and the symptoms and causes of anemia. Perfect for students in healthcare or biology courses!

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