Android Overview and Versions
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the drawable directory in an Android project?

  • It stores XML files for UI layouts.
  • It contains image and XML files for bitmaps and animations. (correct)
  • It defines app menus using XML files.
  • It holds arbitrary raw files accessible at runtime.
  • Which method is called when an activity is first created in Android?

  • onStop()
  • onResume()
  • onCreate() (correct)
  • onStart()
  • What kind of files does the 'values' directory typically contain?

  • XML files with simple values like strings and colors. (correct)
  • Layout files for user interfaces.
  • Arbitrary XML files for runtime access.
  • Font files in TTF and OTF format.
  • Which of these View classes is NOT a type of View object in Android?

    <p>Adapter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Android, how can you access a raw resource programmatically?

    <p>Using Resources.openRawResource()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a ViewGroup do in an Android layout?

    <p>It serves as a container for other View elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities describes the state when an application is not visible to the user?

    <p>onStop()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding layout attributes in XML?

    <p>Attributes like android:id and android:layout_width define UI component properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Android architecture is responsible for hosting applications?

    <p>Applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Android Runtime play in the Android architecture?

    <p>Provides core libraries and virtual machine for applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Linux Kernel manage in the Android architecture?

    <p>Device drivers and memory management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component provides a generic abstraction for hardware access in Android applications?

    <p>Application Framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of resource is defined using XML files for managing animations related to properties?

    <p>animator/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What optimization does the Dalvik Virtual Machine provide for running applications?

    <p>Allows for efficient running of multiple instances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of libraries does the Platform Libraries layer include?

    <p>Java-based and C/C++ core libraries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abstraction layer does the Linux Kernel provide in the Android architecture?

    <p>Between device hardware and application framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using Android as an operating system?

    <p>Large developer and community reach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Android version introduced the ability to use multiple user accounts on tablets?

    <p>Jelly Bean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature was NOT present in the Android version Froyo?

    <p>Increased multimedia options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant feature was added in the Android version Lollipop?

    <p>Introduction of ART (Android Runtime)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which version introduced a system-wide dark theme?

    <p>Queen Cake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Android version had significant enhancements to security features?

    <p>Snow Cone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature was added to Android in the version named Pie?

    <p>Adaptive icons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which version of Android added support for larger screen sizes?

    <p>Donut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functionality was introduced in the Android version Marshmallow?

    <p>Fingerprint authentication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which version did the Google Maps enhancements first appear?

    <p>Éclair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Android version was the first to feature a video chat support via Google Talk?

    <p>HoneyComb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major change did the Android version Nougat bring?

    <p>Native split-screen mode for multitasking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature was NOT associated with the Android version Oreo?

    <p>Scrolling screenshots capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Android version specified new permissions for background location access?

    <p>Queen Cake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Android Overview

    • Android is an open-source operating system developed by Google
    • It is designed for mobile devices, including smartphones and tablets.
    • Android boasts a vast developer community and significant marketing reach.
    • It enables inter-app integration, reducing development costs and increasing success rates.
    • Android offers a rich development environment with extensive tools and libraries.

    Android Versions

    • Alpha (1.0): Introduced Google Maps, Camera, and basic system features.
    • Beta (1.1): Added Gmail, Contacts, Google Synchronization, and a web browser.
    • CupCake (1.5): Redesigned UI, improved web browser functionality, and introduced video uploading.
    • Donut (1.6): Provided support for larger screens, enhanced camera and gallery features, and improved system app performance.
    • Éclair (2.0 & 2.1): Introduced Live Wallpapers, enhanced Bluetooth capabilities, and improved Google Maps.
    • Froyo (2.2): Added animated GIFs, WiFi hotspot functionality, and provided speed enhancements.
    • GingerBread (2.3 & 2.4): Improved copy-paste functionality, enhanced keyboard usability, and featured updated UI design.
    • Honeycomb (3.0, 3.1, & 3.2): Enhanced Gmail app, featured a 3D UI, and introduced Adobe Flash support for browsers.
    • Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0): Improved text input and spell check, introduced Face Unlock, and enhanced video recording features.
    • JellyBean (4.1, 4.2, & 4.3): Introduced Google Now, enhanced voice search functionality, and improved camera applications.
    • KitKat (4.4): Introduced screen recording, "OK Google" voice activation, improved GPS support, and offline music playback.
    • Lollipop (5.0 & 5.1): Introduced Android Runtime (ART), enhanced battery saving features, and improved user interface with Material Design.
    • Marshmallow (6.0): Introduced fingerprint authentication, USB Type-C compatibility, and introduced Doze mode for battery saving.
    • Nougat (7.0): Introduced native split-screen multitasking, data saver features, and improved storage manager.
    • Oreo (8.0): Introduced picture-in-picture (PIP) support, multi-display support, and improved notification system.
    • Pie (9.0): Introduced a dedicated screenshot button, lockdown mode for biometric security, and adaptive battery and brightness features.
    • Queen Cake or Quince Tart (10): Introduced dynamic depth format for photos, system-wide dark mode, and sharing shortcuts.
    • Red Velvet Cake (11): Introduced native screen recording, notification muting during video playback, auto-revoke app permissions, and notification history.
    • Snow Cone (12): Introduced scrolling screenshots, enhanced app search, simplified WiFi sharing, and a one-handed mode.
    • Tiramisu (13): Introduced enhanced security features, a new reading mode, digital car keys support, and additional Material You theme options.
    • Upside Down Cake (14): Introduced smarter scaling, notification flashes, restrictions on photo/video access, and predictive back gestures.
    • Vanilla Ice Cream (15): As of the most recent information, specific features have not been fully detailed.

    Android Architecture Hierarchy

    • Applications: The uppermost layer of the Android architecture.
    • Application Framework: Provides core classes for application development and abstraction for hardware access.
    • Android Runtime: Includes core libraries and the Dalvik virtual machine, forming the basis for application framework execution.
      • It relies on the Linux kernel for threading and memory management.
    • Platform Libraries: Provides support for Android development through C/C++ and Java-based libraries.
    • Linux Kernel: The foundation layer of the Android architecture, responsible for device drivers, memory management, and hardware abstraction.

    Android Components

    • Activities: Represents a single screen of the user interface.
    • Services: Operates in the background, performing long-running tasks without a user interface.
    • Content Providers: Manages and shares app data with other apps on the device.
    • Broadcast Receivers: Responds to system-wide broadcasts, such as battery level changes or network connectivity updates.
    • Intents: A messaging system allowing different components to communicate with each other.

    Android Resources

    • anim: XML files for property and tween animations
    • color: XML files that define state lists of colors, accessible through the R.color class.
    • drawable: Image and XML files for bitmaps, state lists, shapes, and animation drawables, accessible through R.drawable.
    • layout: XML files that define the layout structure of the UI, accessible through R.layout.
    • menu: XML files that define app menus, accessible through R.menu.
    • raw: Arbitrary raw files accessible through Resources.openRawResource().
    • values: XML files containing simple values such as strings and colors.
    • xml: Arbitrary XML files accessible at runtime through Resources.getXML().
    • font: Font files (TTF, OTF, etc.) and XML files that define fonts, accessible as resources.

    How to Access Resources

    • In Code: Access resources through the Resources object. For example, you can access an image through myimage = R.drawable.myimage.
    • In XML: Use @name/value syntax, such as android:background="@drawable/myimage".

    Activity Life Cycle

    • onCreate(): Called when the activity is first created.
    • onStart(): Called when the activity becomes visible to the user.
    • onResume(): Called when the user interacts with the activity (becomes active).
    • onPause(): Called when the activity is no longer the active one (temporarily in the background).
    • onStop(): Called when the activity is no longer visible to the user.
    • onRestart(): Called when the activity is reopened from a stopped state.
    • onDestroy(): Called before the activity is destroyed permanently.

    Layouts and Views

    • Layouts: Define the structure of the user interface.
      • Common layout types include LinearLayout, RelativeLayout, and FrameLayout.
    • Views: Visual components that users interact with.
      • Attributes include:
        • android:id: A unique identifier for the view.
        • android:layout_height: The height of the view.
        • android:layout_width: The width of the view.
    • ViewGroup: A container that holds other views.
      • Examples include LinearLayout, RelativeLayout, and FrameLayout.
    • Views vs. ViewGroups:
      • Views directly draw elements that users see, while ViewGroups act as containers for other views.
      • ViewGroups do not always accept nested views.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essentials of the Android operating system, including its features and the evolution of its versions from Alpha to Froyo. Explore how Android has become a significant player in the mobile device market and the tools available for developers.

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