Android Architecture and Activity Life Cycle
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Explain Android architecture with a proper diagram.

Android architecture consists of several layers including the Linux kernel, Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), Android runtime (ART), native libraries, application framework, and application layer.

Explain Activity Life Cycle with its flowchart.

The Activity Life Cycle consists of states like onCreate, onStart, onResume, onPause, onStop, onDestroy, and onRestart.

What is Service? Differentiate between Activity and Service.

A Service is a component that runs in the background to perform long-running operations. Unlike Activity, which provides a user interface, Service does not.

What is Intent? Explain Explicit vs. Implicit intents with Example.

<p>An Intent is a messaging object used to request an action from another app component. Explicit intents specify the component to start, while implicit intents declare a general action to be performed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write a code to send data from one activity to another activity using implicit intent.

<p>Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, 'Your Data'); startActivity(intent);</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write a code to send email from Android App using the concept of explicit intent.

<p>Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO); emailIntent.setData(Uri.parse('mailto:<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>')); startActivity(emailIntent);</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you mean by fragment in Android? Explain fragment with an example.

<p>A Fragment is a reusable portion of user interface within an Activity. It has its own lifecycle and can be added or removed while the Activity is running.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List out various layouts available in Android. Explain all in detail.

<p>Various layouts include LinearLayout, RelativeLayout, ConstraintLayout, FrameLayout, and TableLayout. Each layout arranges child views in different ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write code to display a Toast Message on click of a Button.

<p>Button button = findViewById(R.id.button); button.setOnClickListener(v -&gt; Toast.makeText(context, 'Hello, World!', Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Tab Layout, RecyclerView, and Card View.

<p>Tab Layout provides a way to navigate between different views, RecyclerView is a flexible view for displaying large data sets, and Card View is used to display information in a card format.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Shared Preferences with examples.

<p>Shared Preferences is a mechanism to save key-value pairs of primitive data types. It’s used for storing user settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Content Provider.

<p>Content Provider manages access to a structured set of data. It allows data sharing between applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain SQLite Database and why it is required.

<p>SQLite is a lightweight relational database that is embedded into Android, used to store structured data persistently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the code for creating connections with SQLite Database.

<p>SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write the significance of onCreate() and onUpgrade() methods of SQLiteOpenHelper class.

<p>onCreate() is called to create the database when it is first created. onUpgrade() is called when the database version is changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Make an Application for student’s registration of basic details like Name, Enrollment No, Branch, Address and Mobile Number.

<p>Implement a form with input fields for Name, Enrollment No, Branch, Address, and Mobile Number, and save data to a database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write steps to create an Android application for Movie Ticket Booking.

<ol> <li>Define UI layout for movie selection 2. Implement RecyclerView for movies 3. Add booking logic 4. Create user account functionality.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Write all necessary code to print all the files stored in the DCIM folder of the SD card.

<p>File dir = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), 'DCIM'); File[] files = dir.listFiles();</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write code to insert Customer Details (cID, cName, cOrderID) in SQLite Database in Android.

<p>ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put('cID', cId); values.put('cName', cName); values.put('cOrderID', cOrderID); db.insert('Customer', null, values);</p> Signup and view all the answers

Create an Android activity that will display the record of a customer fetched from a SQLiteDatabase.

<p>Cursor cursor = db.query('Customer', null, null, null, null, null, null); if (cursor.moveToFirst()) { String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex('cName')); }</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Android Architecture

  • Android architecture consists of four main layers: Linux Kernel, Hardware Abstraction Layer, Android Runtime, and Application Framework.
  • Linux Kernel provides core system services like security and memory management.
  • Hardware Abstraction Layer simplifies interactions between Android and hardware.
  • Android Runtime includes libraries and frameworks like ART, which executes applications.
  • Application Framework provides higher-level services to applications, such as activity management, resource management, and notifications.

Activity Life Cycle

  • The Activity Life Cycle comprises various states that an activity can be in: Created, Started, Resumed, Paused, Stopped, and Destroyed.
  • Transition states govern how activities interact with the user and system resources.
  • Flowchart illustrates transitions: onCreate() → onStart() → onResume() → onPause() → onStop() → onDestroy().

Service in Android

  • A Service is a component that runs in the background to perform long-running operations without a user interface.
  • Difference: Activities are UI components allowing user interaction; Services run in the background without direct interaction.

Intent in Android

  • An Intent is a messaging object used to request an action from another app component.
  • Explicit Intents specify the target component (e.g., opening a specific activity).
  • Implicit Intents do not name a specific component, allowing the system to find suitable handlers (e.g., opening any activity that can handle a web link).

Code Example for Implicit Intent

  • Use an Intent to send data from one activity to another, such as:
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Data to send");
startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "Send Data"));

Code Example for Sending Email

  • Implement an explicit intent to send an email:
Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);
emailIntent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:"));
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Subject");
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Email body");
if (emailIntent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    startActivity(emailIntent);
}

Fragment in Android

  • A Fragment is a modular section of an activity that can have its own lifecycle and receive its own input events.
  • Example: A multi-pane UI in tablets can use fragments to display lists and details simultaneously.

Available Layouts in Android

  • Common layouts include LinearLayout, RelativeLayout, ConstraintLayout, FrameLayout, and TableLayout.
  • Each layout serves different UI arrangement purposes, promoting flexible designs.

Code to Display Toast Message

  • Toast is a simple message that pops up on the screen.
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Button Clicked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

Tab Layout, RecyclerView, and Card View

  • Tab Layout allows users to switch between different views or fragments quickly.
  • RecyclerView is an advanced version of ListView, efficiently displaying large data sets with view holders.
  • Card View presents information in card layouts, enhancing UI aesthetics while providing a consistent design.

Shared Preferences

  • Shared Preferences store key-value pairs of primitive data types and are used for saving simple app settings.
  • Example: Saving user preferences like themes or login status.

Content Provider

  • Content Providers manage access to a structured set of data by other applications.
  • They allow data sharing between apps and use URIs to identify specific data.

SQLite Database

  • SQLite is a lightweight database used in Android for managing structured data.
  • Required for data persistence, supports complex queries, and offers transactions.

Code for SQLite Connection

  • Establish a connection with SQLite database:
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();

Significance of onCreate() and onUpgrade()

  • onCreate() initializes the database, creating tables.
  • onUpgrade() handles database schema changes, such as modifying or deleting tables.

Student Registration Application

  • Develop an app that collects basic student information: name, enrollment number, branch, address, and mobile number.
  • Utilize input forms to gather and store data in SQLite.

Movie Ticket Booking Application Steps

  • Design the application to allow users to search movies, select showtimes, and book tickets.
  • Implement various screens for user interactions and backend database handling.

Code for DCIM Folder Files

  • Fetch and print files stored in the DCIM folder:
File dcimFolder = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "DCIM");
File[] files = dcimFolder.listFiles();
for (File file : files) {
    Log.d("File Name", file.getName());
}

Code for Inserting Customer Details

  • Insert customer information (cID, cName, cOrderID) into SQLite Database:
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("cID", id);
values.put("cName", name);
values.put("cOrderID", orderId);
db.insert("Customers", null, values);

Customer Record Display Activity

  • Create an activity to fetch and display customer records from SQLite Database with proper UI elements for interaction.

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Explore the key concepts of Android architecture and the activity life cycle in this comprehensive quiz. Learn about the four main layers of Android, including the Linux Kernel and Application Framework, as well as the various states an activity can undergo. Test your understanding of how these components interact within the Android operating system.

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