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Questions and Answers
In the Anderson & Pichert study, what was the primary purpose of the 12-minute distraction task?
In the Anderson & Pichert study, what was the primary purpose of the 12-minute distraction task?
- To switch the schema for one of the participant groups before the recall test.
- To give participants a chance to study the story with a different schema.
- To allow participants to forget insignificant details of the story.
- To ensure the participants could not rehearse the story immediately after reading it. (correct)
What percentage increase in recall was observed when participants switched schemas before the second recall test?
What percentage increase in recall was observed when participants switched schemas before the second recall test?
- 17%
- 10%
- 2.9%
- 7% (correct)
What was the effect on the recall of information regarding the original schema, when participants switched schemas before the second recall attempt?
What was the effect on the recall of information regarding the original schema, when participants switched schemas before the second recall attempt?
- It decreased by 2.9%.
- It declined. (correct)
- It increased by 10%.
- It increased by 7%.
According to the findings of the Anderson & Pichert study, what is a key conclusion regarding memory and schemas?
According to the findings of the Anderson & Pichert study, what is a key conclusion regarding memory and schemas?
What evidence from the study suggests that people encode information outside of their current schema?
What evidence from the study suggests that people encode information outside of their current schema?
Flashcards
Schema
Schema
How we organize information based on prior knowledge and experiences.
Encoding
Encoding
The process of taking in information and converting it into a form that can be stored in memory.
Retrieval
Retrieval
The process of accessing and retrieving information from memory.
Schema Switch Effect
Schema Switch Effect
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Schema-Independent Encoding
Schema-Independent Encoding
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Study Notes
Anderson & Pichert (1974) Study
- Participants: 39 psychology students, divided into two groups (burglar or home buyer schema)
- Procedure: Read a story, completed a distraction task, took a recall test, some participants switched to a new schema, others retained original schema, another recall test after 5 minutes
- Results:
- Switching schemas led to 7% increase in overall recall, 10% increase in recalling information relevant to the new schema, but a decrease in recall of information from original schema
- Maintaining the same schema resulted in a 2.9% decrease in recall on second attempt
- Conclusion:
- Schema processing influences both encoding and retrieval of information
- New schema can trigger the retrieval of previously encoded information even if it's outside the initially activated schema.
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