Ancient World Music
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Questions and Answers

Which ancient civilization is credited with the invention of the hydraulis, an early keyboard instrument?

  • Egyptians
  • Greeks (correct)
  • Hindus
  • Romans

    • What role did Confucius attribute to music in ancient Chinese society?

  • It served primarily for entertainment.
  • It was mainly used in religious ceremonies.
  • It was seen as crucial for harmony in society. (correct)
  • It was a tool for military communication.

    • The earliest known written music was discovered in which ancient location?

  • Ugarit (correct)
  • Athens
  • Rome
  • Nineveh

    • Which instrument is NOT associated with the ancient Egyptians?

    <p>Cornu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant contribution of ancient Greek music theory?

    <p>It introduced the concept of musical harmony as a vertical line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signifies the design of the antique lyre used by ancient Greeks and Romans?

    <p>It represents harmony.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were the Hebrew musicians portrayed during the conquest of Nineveh by the Assyrians?

    <p>They were spared and allowed to continue their music.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the use of musical notation in ancient civilizations?

    <p>It involved symbols that represented music and tuning instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is primarily used to construct a yidaki?

    <p>Hollowed-out eucalyptus branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During its historical development, who is credited with discovering the first yidaki?

    <p>Burbuk Boon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the method of playing a yidaki?

    <p>Vibrating lips while blowing down the tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specific health benefit associated with playing the yidaki?

    <p>Reduction in snoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate range of a yidaki?

    <p>Three octaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments is traditionally used along with the yidaki?

    <p>Clapsticks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to tradition, who are restricted from playing or touching the yidaki in some tribes?

    <p>Women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable musician has been recognized for blending yidaki music with other musical styles?

    <p>Jimmy Page</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a clarinet from other wind instruments?

    <p>A single reed is overlapped by the player's mouth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments originated in Mongolia?

    <p>Surnai</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of the harmonica's construction?

    <p>The sound is produced by free-vibrating metal reeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region is the nose flute primarily used?

    <p>Polynesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The shawm is an ancestor of which modern wind instrument?

    <p>Oboe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of sound production in the bassoon?

    <p>Employing two pieces of cane as its reed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wind instrument is characterized by producing sound through multiple bamboo pipes?

    <p>Panpipes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the player create sound on a sheng instrument?

    <p>By vibrating free reeds with breath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of West African griots in their society?

    <p>To preserve history and stories through music.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the Udu clay drum used by the Igbo tribe of Nigeria?

    <p>It doubles as a storage vessel and is traditionally made by women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the Chopi tribe's timbila players typically structure their performances?

    <p>One leader improvises while others maintain syncopated rhythms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the ngoma drums used by the Bantu people?

    <p>Each clan has a unique beat associated with their identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the bow harps of East Africa?

    <p>They feature a curved wooden bow and are played by plucking and damping strings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the music of the Kenyan Maasai compared to other African musical traditions?

    <p>It is focused primarily on vocal call-and-response patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument serves as a small thumb piano in the Shona tribe of Zimbabwe?

    <p>Mbira</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of Berber bands' performances is highlighted in their music?

    <p>Their performances consist of lively drummers and musicians playing at festivals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with the construction of a pipa?

    <p>It features a long, straight neck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modification was made to pipa playing techniques in the 20th century?

    <p>Elastic tape was introduced for fake nails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age was Liu Fang recognized as a child prodigy in pipa playing?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is NOT traditionally categorized among the eight sounds of Chinese instruments?

    <p>Plastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the range of a pipa?

    <p>It extends up to 3½ octaves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the pipa is incorrect?

    <p>It is played exclusively in China.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable performance did Liu Fang achieve at the age of eleven?

    <p>Played for Queen Elizabeth II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a type of material used in the categorization of Chinese instruments?

    <p>Glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which description best characterizes a lyre among the five basic types of chordophones?

    <p>Strings are raised on a bar above the resonator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument is characterized as a trapezium-shaped hammered dulcimer?

    <p>Yangqin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments is known to have a significant use in Brazilian capoeira martial arts music?

    <p>Berimbau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the Medieval Lute in terms of its historical use?

    <p>It was often used to accompany songs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these instruments has a triangular body and is part of Russian folk music?

    <p>Balalaika</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instrument consists of strings that are struck with bamboo beaters?

    <p>Yangqin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chordophone has strings stretched from one end of a bow to the other?

    <p>Musical bow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic does not apply to a zither?

    <p>Strings are raised on a bar above the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural practice did Ziryab introduce that influenced meal presentation in Europe?

    <p>The use of multiple course meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation in music is Ziryab credited with that contributed to the development of the Spanish guitar?

    <p>Introducing the oud with an additional pair of strings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which famous Persian musician did Ziryab study under before developing his own style?

    <p>Ishaq al-Mawsili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notable contribution did Ziryab make in terms of hygiene advancements?

    <p>Creation of underarm deodorant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant influences on the musical styles developed by Ziryab in Spain?

    <p>Spanish Gypsy music</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instrument did Ziryab notably play?

    <p>An Arabian lute called an oud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature made Ziryab a trendsetter in fashion at the royal court?

    <p>Promoting seasonal clothing changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which city did Ziryab establish a significant music college in Europe?

    <p>Córdoba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legacy did Ziryab leave in the culinary practices of Europe?

    <p>The use of tablecloths and glassware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Ziryab's nickname that reflects his musical talent?

    <p>The Blackbird</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the kendang in a gamelan orchestra?

    <p>To set rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features best describes the concept of 'kotèkan' in Balinese gamelan music?

    <p>Interplaying phrases by different instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must musicians do as a sign of respect when performing with the gamelan?

    <p>Remove their shoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instruments is NOT classified as a metallophone used in a gamelan orchestra?

    <p>Kendang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In gamelan music, the ethical consideration regarding the performance of men and women is that they typically play how?

    <p>In separate groups with possible male leadership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Royal Ancestral Rite performed in South Korea?

    <p>To honor the spirits of ancestors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chant emphasizes a commitment to the Lotus Sutra without musical accompaniment?

    <p>Daimoku</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which musical tradition is characterized by catchy rhythms and repeated choruses, performed by a South African choir?

    <p>Soweto Gospel Choir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common theme is present in the lyrics of Ma'oz Tzur, a Jewish religious poem?

    <p>Hardships and strength through faith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of performance is associated with the Mevlevi dancers, also known as whirling dervishes?

    <p>Song and dance known as Sema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group uses waiata and karakia for various expressive purposes, including entertainment and welcoming?

    <p>Mãori singers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary cultural function does the music of the Bauls of Bengal serve?

    <p>Religious devotion and personal connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which historical event did the South African women's hockey team perform their national anthem?

    <p>A sports match against Wales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ancient World Music

    • Music played a significant role in ancient civilizations, used in entertainment, religious rituals, and social celebrations.
    • Little written music from ancient times exists, but historians learn about it from paintings, pottery, and instrument discoveries.
    • Early music was found as engravings and cuneiform writing.
    • Ancient Egyptians developed early string instruments like lutes and harps, also trumpets and flutes, that were blown through the end like a recorder.
    • The lyre, a popular instrument for the Greeks and Romans, symbolized harmony with its design. It is a reconstruction of one used by the ancient Greeks and Romans; it has a spiraled body resembling a tortoise shell.
    • A 4000-year-old city of Ur, harps and bits of music were written in cuneiform.
    • Early music was found in the form of cuneiform writing in the ancient city of Ur.
    • Although little written music exists from ancient times, historians studied paintings, pottery, and instruments.
    • Music was essential for entertainment, religious rituals, and social celebrations.

    Musical Instruments

    • The Romans created the cornu, a brass instrument made from bronze, used for festivals and military.
    • The bagpipe, played across the ancient world, was created by herdsmen using goat or sheepskin bags and a couple of reed pipes.
    • The hydraulis, the first keyboard instrument, used air pressure to create sound by sending air through a board from water and air.
    • Ancient Hindus used instruments made from gourds (considered the first hollow instruments) like the veena.
    • Early Chinese used bronze bells, stone slabs, and pottery flutes.
    • The shofar, made from a ram or antelope's horn, was used in Hebrew worship.
    • The veena was an important instrument for Hinduism; it is a stringed instrument, and it mentioned in Ancient Hindu scriptures.
    • Example musical instruments include the lyre, cornu, bagpipes, hydraulis, and veena.
    • Egyptians used stringed instruments like lutes and harps, and also used trumpets and flutes that were played by blowing.
    • The Seikilos epitaph is an example of ancient Greek music.
    • The "Seikilos Song" is the earliest complete musical composition. It was likely played on a lyre and wind instruments.

    Music Theory and Notation

    • Ancient Greeks developed musical theory; they defined music as tones, melody (horizontal line), and harmony (vertical line), using a system of signs to notate music.
    • Pythagoras, a mathematician, used a monochord to study the relationship between notes in an octave scale.
    • The Delphic hymn tablet used symbols to represent musical notation.

    Music in Different Cultures

    • Hebrews used musical instruments, like the shofar, in religious worship.
    • Ancient Hindu scriptures mentioned both classical Indian music and the veena.
    • An example of ancient music includes the "Garden Party" relief from the palace of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal.
    • A tablet from the ancient city of Ur (now in Iraq) c. 2000 BCE, showed music written in cuneiform.
    • Musicians from Nineveh were talented and used musical instruments.
    • The ancient Greeks worked out music theory with the horizontal lines of melody and vertical lines of harmony using a system of signs for each tone.
    • The earliest known written musical instructions on tuning a lyre were found in Ugaritic, Syria, c. 1400 BCE.
    • The ancient Egyptians had a complex system of musical notation.
    • The oldest known written music was found in Ugaritic, Syria, which included words and music instructions for tuning a lyre.

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    Description

    Explore the significance of music in ancient civilizations, its use in entertainment, rituals, and celebrations. Discover the instruments crafted by ancient cultures, from the lyre of the Greeks to the hydraulis of the Romans. Learn about the enduring legacy of these musical traditions.

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