Podcast
Questions and Answers
Why were Sumerian communities referred to as city-states in Mesopotamia?
Why were Sumerian communities referred to as city-states in Mesopotamia?
What was the primary reason for the settlement of Sumerian city-states around the Tigris and Euphrates?
What was the primary reason for the settlement of Sumerian city-states around the Tigris and Euphrates?
What was the central focus of each Sumerian city-state?
What was the central focus of each Sumerian city-state?
Which king wrote the Code of Hammurabi?
Which king wrote the Code of Hammurabi?
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What is the oldest known written law?
What is the oldest known written law?
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What type of punishments were included in the laws of Ur-Nammu?
What type of punishments were included in the laws of Ur-Nammu?
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What was the physical form of the Code of Hammurabi?
What was the physical form of the Code of Hammurabi?
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What were the rulers of Sumerian city-states called?
What were the rulers of Sumerian city-states called?
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What were the temples of the kings or priests called?
What were the temples of the kings or priests called?
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Where was the first major city in Sumer located?
Where was the first major city in Sumer located?
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Study Notes
- Sumerian city-states were ruled by ensi or governing priests, or lugal or kings
- Temples of kings or priests were called ziggurats, made of mud bricks and constructed with large platforms
- Homes of Sumerians were built of mud and brick, no sewage in the cities, but irrigation systems in farmlands
- First major city in Sumer was Eridu, founded by god Enki and ruled by kings En-men-lu-ana, En-men-gal-ana, and Dumuzid the Shepherd, known as the "House of the Aquifer"
- Bad-tibira, meaning "Wall of Copper Workers," was ruled by kings En-men-lu-ana, En-men-gal-ana, and Dumuzid the Shepherd, temple called E-mush-kalamma, and ruled by warrior god Pabilsag
- Larak, only known to have been ruled by king En-sipad-zid-ana, temple unknown, and god Pabilsag
- Sippar, ruled by king En-men-dur-ana, later Hammurabi, and temple Shamash temple E-babbara
- Shuruppak, meaning "the healing place," ruled by unknown kings, temples dedicated to goddess Ninlil
- Uruk, ruled by Gilgamesh, and temple unknown, and city mentioned in Epic of Gilgamesh
- Ur, city worshipped Moon god Nanna, and temple Ziggurat of Ur, archeologically restored
- Sumerian city-states located on alluvial plain of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, surrounded by mountains, highlands, and arid deserts, useful for trade and agriculture
- Government of Sumerian city-states involved ensi or governing priests or lugal or kings ruling from ziggurats, and acted as a haven during floods, started as raised platforms and grew in size over time, ranged from three to seven platforms.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the ancient Sumerian city-states in Mesopotamia, their emergence, culture, and significance in the history of civilization.
