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Ancient Roman Politics: Pompey, Caesar, and the Roman Senate
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Ancient Roman Politics: Pompey, Caesar, and the Roman Senate

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary responsibility of the Roman Senate?

  • Advising the consuls and overseeing foreign policy (correct)
  • Commanding legions in battle
  • Collecting taxes and managing the Roman treasury
  • Judging legal disputes in Roman courts
  • Who was appointed to command the defense of Rome during the Roman Civil War?

  • A Roman general
  • Pompey (correct)
  • Caesar
  • A Roman consul
  • What was the symbolic significance of Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River?

  • It marked Caesar's defiance against the Senate and Pompey (correct)
  • It marked the beginning of the Roman Empire
  • It marked the end of the Roman Republic
  • It marked the start of the Roman Civil War
  • What was the outcome of the Battle of Pharsalus?

    <p>Caesar emerged victorious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of Caesar's refusal to disband his army?

    <p>He sparked the Roman Civil War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Pompey flee after being defeated by Caesar?

    <p>Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pompey and Caesar

    Roman Senate

    • The Roman Senate was the governing body of the Roman Republic
    • Comprised of patrician (noble) class members who held significant power and influence
    • Responsible for advising the consuls, passing laws, and overseeing foreign policy
    • Pompey, a prominent general and statesman, was a member of the Senate
    • Caesar, a rising star in Roman politics, sought to reform the Senate and increase his own power

    Roman Civil War

    • The Roman Civil War (49-45 BCE) was a conflict between Pompey and Caesar
    • Caesar, who had been consul in 59 BCE, was ordered by the Senate to disband his army and return to Rome as a private citizen
    • Caesar refused, citing his rights as a victorious general, and led his legions across the Rubicon River into Italy
    • Pompey, who had been appointed to command the defense of Rome, was defeated by Caesar at the Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE)
    • Caesar emerged victorious, becoming dictator of Rome, while Pompey fled to Egypt where he was eventually assassinated

    Crossing the Rubicon

    • The Rubicon River marked the boundary between Gaul (modern-day France) and Italy
    • Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon with his legions was a symbolic act of defiance against the Senate and Pompey
    • It was an unprecedented move, as a Roman general was not allowed to lead an army into Italy without permission from the Senate
    • Caesar's action sparked the Roman Civil War, as he sought to gain control of Rome and overthrow Pompey

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    Learn about the Roman Senate, its functions, and the rivalry between Pompey and Caesar that led to the Roman Civil War.

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