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Questions and Answers
What was the primary purpose of the cuneiform writing system developed by the Sumerians?
What was the primary purpose of the cuneiform writing system developed by the Sumerians?
- To communicate through oral tradition
- To record economic transactions and historical events (correct)
- To craft poetic literature
- To represent musical notation
What does the term 'cuneiform' derive from, and what does it reflect about the writing style?
What does the term 'cuneiform' derive from, and what does it reflect about the writing style?
- Babylonian for 'clay', alluding to its medium
- Sumerian for 'writings', indicating its cultural significance
- Latin for 'wedge', describing its shaped impressions (correct)
- Greek for 'symbols', reflecting its pictorial nature
What type of tool was primarily used to create cuneiform inscriptions?
What type of tool was primarily used to create cuneiform inscriptions?
- A chisel
- A pen
- A brush
- A stylus (correct)
At what point in history did the use of cuneiform begin to decline?
At what point in history did the use of cuneiform begin to decline?
Which civilizations primarily utilized cuneiform writing before its decline?
Which civilizations primarily utilized cuneiform writing before its decline?
What mechanism does a shadoof primarily serve?
What mechanism does a shadoof primarily serve?
What was the primary purpose of the ancient wheel in Sumerian society?
What was the primary purpose of the ancient wheel in Sumerian society?
Who was responsible for starting the paper-making industry in China?
Who was responsible for starting the paper-making industry in China?
What is a notable function of the Antikythera mechanism?
What is a notable function of the Antikythera mechanism?
What is the significance of the oldest known wheel found in Mesopotamia?
What is the significance of the oldest known wheel found in Mesopotamia?
What does the structure of a shadoof resemble?
What does the structure of a shadoof resemble?
What writing system was developed by the ancient Sumerians?
What writing system was developed by the ancient Sumerians?
What material was primarily used for writing before the invention of paper?
What material was primarily used for writing before the invention of paper?
What was the cost comparison of a sheet of papyrus to modern currency?
What was the cost comparison of a sheet of papyrus to modern currency?
Which ancient civilization was first known to use the wheel for pottery making?
Which ancient civilization was first known to use the wheel for pottery making?
In what year approximately was paper invented in China?
In what year approximately was paper invented in China?
What is the historical significance of the heavy plough in Medieval Europe?
What is the historical significance of the heavy plough in Medieval Europe?
In what year is the manufacture of the Antikythera mechanism estimated to have occurred?
In what year is the manufacture of the Antikythera mechanism estimated to have occurred?
How did the invention of gunpowder come about?
How did the invention of gunpowder come about?
What mechanism did Heron of Alexandria invent in the 1st century AD?
What mechanism did Heron of Alexandria invent in the 1st century AD?
What was the main effect of using the heavy plough in Northern Europe?
What was the main effect of using the heavy plough in Northern Europe?
What does the term 'aeolipile' refer to?
What does the term 'aeolipile' refer to?
What percentage increase in urbanization did Europe experience between 900 AD and 1300 AD due to the heavy plough?
What percentage increase in urbanization did Europe experience between 900 AD and 1300 AD due to the heavy plough?
Which of the following inventions was not part of the Middle Period?
Which of the following inventions was not part of the Middle Period?
Who is credited with the invention of the first television system?
Who is credited with the invention of the first television system?
What is the primary purpose of a medical incubator?
What is the primary purpose of a medical incubator?
Which antibiotic was discovered by Abelardo Aguilar?
Which antibiotic was discovered by Abelardo Aguilar?
What significant advancement did Diosdado Banatao contribute to computing?
What significant advancement did Diosdado Banatao contribute to computing?
What is the aim of the board game Challenge 21?
What is the aim of the board game Challenge 21?
In what year did Abelardo Aguilar discover erythromycin?
In what year did Abelardo Aguilar discover erythromycin?
What is a unique feature of the PC chipset developed by Diosdado Banatao?
What is a unique feature of the PC chipset developed by Diosdado Banatao?
What health condition was specifically targeted by Fe Del Mundo's improved incubator?
What health condition was specifically targeted by Fe Del Mundo's improved incubator?
What were the main components of the early gunpowder mixture?
What were the main components of the early gunpowder mixture?
During which dynasty did gunpowder begin to be used in military affairs?
During which dynasty did gunpowder begin to be used in military affairs?
What was the first government-produced paper money called?
What was the first government-produced paper money called?
What significant change occurred to mechanical clocks in the 14th century?
What significant change occurred to mechanical clocks in the 14th century?
What function did the agents serve for merchants during the Tang Dynasty?
What function did the agents serve for merchants during the Tang Dynasty?
What type of clocks did Pope Sylvester II construct in 996?
What type of clocks did Pope Sylvester II construct in 996?
In which centuries did gunpowder spread to Arab countries and then to Europe?
In which centuries did gunpowder spread to Arab countries and then to Europe?
How often did the monks have to wind up the mechanical clocks for accurate functioning?
How often did the monks have to wind up the mechanical clocks for accurate functioning?
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Study Notes
Ancient Period Inventions
- Ancient Wheel: Developed by Sumerians around 3500 BC, the earliest wheels were used for pottery and later for transporting heavy goods and chariots.
- Papyrus and Paper: Egyptians utilized papyrus for writing around 3000 BC. Paper was invented in China around 100 BC, with Ts’ai Lun pioneering mass production in 105 AD.
- Cuneiform Writing: Originating from the Sumerians around 3500-3000 BCE, this system employed stylus tools to create wedge-shaped impressions in clay, evolving into word-concepts.
- Shadoof/Shaduf: An ancient irrigation tool resembling a seesaw, used for lifting water, still found in countries like India and Egypt.
- Antikythera Mechanism: An ancient Greek device for calculating astronomical positions, dating back to 100 BCE, discovered from a shipwreck in 1901.
- Aeolipile: A steam turbine invented by Heron of Alexandria in the 1st century AD, recognized as the first to convert steam into rotary motion, although initially viewed as a novelty.
Middle Period Innovations
- Heavy Plough: Transformative for Northern European agriculture, allowing for the cultivation of heavy clay soil, leading to population growth and urbanization (7.7% increase in density, 14.3% in urbanization from 900-1300 AD).
- Gunpowder: Invented accidentally by Chinese alchemists during the Tang Dynasty while seeking an elixir of immortality; became pivotal in warfare during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
- Paper Money: Emerged during the Tang Dynasty as promissory notes and formalized by the Song Dynasty, where the government issued the world's first true paper currency, known as jiaozi.
- Mechanical Clock: Development of clocks in Europe dates back to the 10th century, with significant advancements in the 14th century including spring-powered mechanisms, requiring winding by monks.
Philippine Inventions
- Bamboo Incubator: Invented by Dr. Fe Del Mundo, this incubator maintains optimal conditions for premature and sick newborns, significantly impacting neonatal care.
- Erythromycin: Discovered by Abelardo Aguilar in 1949, this antibiotic was among the first successful macrolides introduced in the US, known for its efficacy against bacterial infections.
- PC Chipset: Developed by Diosdado Banatao, this invention enhanced computer graphics performance, enabling faster data processing through the use of smaller chips.
- Challenge 21: A Filipino board game designed to encourage mental alertness and strategic thinking, promoting skills in abstract reasoning and observation.
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