Ancient Indian Society and Civilizations

Ancient Indian Texts and Society

• The Kamasutra allows divorce to a wife deserted by her husband.
• The Manava Dharmashastra is a text that provides rules and guidelines for society.
• The Sukra Nitisara is a text that deals with statecraft and political ethics.

Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley Civilization

• Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of mail and helmet in warfare, whereas the people of Indus Valley Civilization did not leave any evidence of using them.
• Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver, and copper, whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and iron.

Ancient Indian Rulers

• Chandragupta Maurya was a contemporary of Alexander the Great.
• Ashoka was a Mauryan ruler who made significant contributions to the development of India.
• Bimbisara was a ruler of the Haryanka dynasty.

Medieval Indian Economy

• The term 'Araghatta' refers to bonded labor.
• Land grants were made to military officers during this period.
• Waterwheels were used for irrigation of land.

Harappan Civilization

• Chanhudaro, Kot Diji, and Sohgaura are all Harappan sites.
• Desalpur is not a Harappan site.

Ancient Indian Architecture

• The concept of Stupa is Buddhist in origin.
• Stupas were made by Ashoka for the first time.
• Stupas were repositories of relics.
• Stupas were votive structures.

Ancient Indian Rulers and Their Dynasties

• Kushan - Kanishka was a correct match.
• Satavahana - Simuka was a correct match.
• Sungas - Pushyamitra was a correct match.

Ancient Indian Women

• Gargi was a Brahmavadini who composed some hymns of the Vedas.
• Maitreyi, Lopamudra, and Leelavati were also notable women of ancient India.

Ancient Indian Society

• Kula, Vamsa, and Kosa are all terms related to family and lineage.
• Gotra does not belong to the category of the other three terms.

Gandhara School of Art

• The images of Buddha are associated with the Gandhara School of Art.
• Stupas are also associated with this school.
• Rock-cut caves are not associated with the Gandhara School of Art.
• Statues of yakshas and yakshinis are associated with this school.

Rigvedic Aryans

• The Rigvedic Aryans were acquainted with the use of iron.
• They had domesticated the horse.
• They had knowledge of agriculture.
• They had a patriarchal society.

Buddhist Councils

• Mahakassapa presided over the first Buddhist Council held at Rajagriha.
• The concept of 'Eightfold Path' forms the theme of the Dharmachakra Pravartana Sutta.

Ancient Indian Coinage

• The Kushans were the first rulers in India to issue coins that can be definitely attributed to the kings.

Centers of Learning

• Taxila was a center of learning during the Mauryan period.
• Nalanda, Vikramashila, and Kanchi were also centers of learning during different periods.

Medieval Indian History

• The famous battle of Tarain (1192) was fought between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan.
• The Mansabdari system was introduced by Akbar.
• Alauddin Khilji imposed Jizya even on the Brahmins.
• Samudragupta was known as the 'Napoleon of India'.

Indian Art

• The bronze image of Nataraja is a fine example of Chola art.
• Hoysala art, Pallava art, and Chalukya art are all notable styles of Indian art.

Medieval Indian Economy

• The medieval ruler who was the first to establish a ministry of agriculture (Diwan-i-Kohi) was Alauddin Khilji.
• The first Muslim ruler to introduce a comprehensive system of land revenue assessment in India was Sher Shah Suri.

Medieval Indian Rulers

• Muhammad bin Tughlaq was a notable ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
• Gopala founded the Pala dynasty.
• Annamacharya and Tyagaraja are contemporaries.
• Tyagaraja created several new ragas.

Mughal India

• The difference between Jagirdar and Zamindar lies in the fact that Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of assigned duties, whereas Zamindars were holders of revenue rights without obligation to perform any duty other than revenue collection.
• Jahangir shifted emphasis from illustrated manuscripts to album and individual portraits.

Gupta Period

• Forced labor (Vishti) was considered a source of income for the state, a sort of tax paid by the people.
• The forced laborer was not entitled to weekly wages.

Indian History

• Maitreya is a future Buddha, yet to come to save the world.
• The Sukraniti is a treatise on statecraft and political ethics.
• Georg Bühler was the first to decipher the edicts of Emperor Ashoka.

Medieval Indian History

• The correct chronological order of events is: 2-4-1-3.
• The correct sequence in ascending order of geographical size is: Deccan Sultanates > Bahmani Kingdom > Vijayanagara Empire.

Sangam Age

• The Sangam Age was marked by the composition of large volumes of Tamil literature.
• The Sangam Age witnessed active maritime trade.

Gupta Period

• The Gupta period was a period of cultural renaissance and intellectual awakening.
• It was marked by the extensive construction of Buddhist stupas and monasteries.

Jatakas

• The Jatakas are a collection of stories about Buddha's previous lives.

European Trading Companies

• The disintegration of the Vijayanagara Empire was a factor in the success of European trading companies in South India during the 17th century.

Harappan Civilization

• Lothal has yielded evidence of a dockyard of the Harappan civilization.

Buddhism

• The Vinaya Pitaka contains the rules of monastic discipline.

Pallava Dynasty

• The famous rock-cut temples of Mahabalipuram were built under the patronage of the Pallava dynasty.

Medieval Indian Rulers

• Akbar is known for his patronage of the arts and his policy of religious tolerance.
• Krishnadevaraya is known for his military campaigns against the Bahmani Sultanate and the Sultanates of Madurai and Orissa.

Bhakti Movement

• The Bhakti movement in South India was notably led by Ramanuja and Kabir.

Stone Age Cultures

• The Mesolithic culture is known for its microlithic tools and implements.

Ancient Indian Texts

• The phrase "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" is found in the Maha Upanishad.

Explore ancient Indian texts, including the Kamasutra and Manava Dharmashastra, and discover the differences between Rigvedic Aryans and the Indus Valley Civilization. Learn about their societal norms, warfare, and more.