Ancient Indian Literature and World Literature

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Questions and Answers

Who is the Goddess of Wisdom and Goddess of Craft in Greek mythology?

Hera

Aphrodite

Artemis

Athena (correct)

Who ordered 47 Scholars to translate the Bible?

Hermes

William Shakespeare

King James (correct)

Euripides

What is the primary theme of most Medieval Writings?

English prose

Greek mythology

Medieval and Renaissance literature

Catholicism (correct)

Who is the God of the Underworld in Greek mythology?

Hades Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Goddess of the Hunt and Goddess of the Moon in Greek mythology?

Artemis Signup and view all the answers

Who is the God of Music and Healing, and God of the Sun in Greek mythology?

Apollo Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a dynamic character?

Changes and learns something throughout the story Signup and view all the answers

What sense is engaged in the sentence 'She smelled the scent of sweet hibiscus wafting through the air...'?

Smelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a protagonist and an antagonist?

The protagonist is the hero, while the antagonist is the villain Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a character that remains the same throughout the story?

Static character Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the sense of touch?

The grass tickled his skin and sweat cooled on his brow Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the main character in a story?

Protagonist Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the sense of sight?

The night was black as ever, but bright stars lit up the sky Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a character that is fully developed and complex?

Round character Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Book of Dead in Egyptian literature?

It contains rules and regulations of life after death Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the Pilgrim's Progress?

Morale and Wisdom Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of Chinese literature?

Confucius Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Vedas in Indian literature?

They are the earliest literary writings in the world Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the famous work 'Gulliver's Travels'?

Jonathan Swift Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the Iliad and Odyssey?

Homer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Lord Byron's period?

Hellenism Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Ramayana in Indian literature?

It is the longest epic in the world Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the poem 'Ode to Nightingale'?

John Keats Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Proverbs of Ptahhotep?

It is the oldest text in the literature Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Realism Period?

Truth and Depicted Present Issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Mahabharata in Indian literature?

It is the longest epic in the world Signup and view all the answers

Who completed the Oxford English Dictionary?

Samuel Johnson Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the Works and Days, Theology, and The Shield of Heracles?

Hesiod Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's period?

Supernaturalism Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the famous novel 'Robinson Crusoe'?

Daniel Defoe Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a flat character?

Very few personality traits that do not change throughout the story Signup and view all the answers

Which figure of speech is used in the sentence 'The candy melted in her mouth and swirls of bittersweet chocolate and slightly sweet but salty caramel blended together on her tongue'?

Description Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exposition in a plot?

To provide background information Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a representation of an idea or concept?

Symbolism Signup and view all the answers

What is the climax of a plot?

The crucial decision that determines the outcome Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a comparison using 'like' or 'as'?

Simile Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Indian Literature

Earliest literary writers in the world
Vedas: Book of Knowledge
Mahabharata: Longest Epic in the world
Ramayana: Perfect Woman: Compassion and Sacrifice, Perfect Man: Duties and Responsibilities
Sanskrit: Most Productive Drama in the world

Ancient Egyptian Literature

Hieroglyphics: Earliest Writing in the world
The Book of Dead: Most Significant Egyptian Writing, Rules and Regulations of Life after Death
Osiris: God of the Nile River, Symbol of Immortality
The Precepts of Ptahhotep: Oldest Book in the world, The Meaning of Life
Proverbs of Ptahhotep: Oldest Text in Literature

Chinese Literature

Nature
Confucius: Founder of Chinese Literature
Lao-Tzu: Taoism

Greek Literature

Homer: 1st Writer in Greek Literature, Iliad & Odyssey, Trojan War
Hesiod: 2nd Writer in Greek Literature, Autobiography in the Form of Poetry, Works and Days, Theology, and The Shield of Heracles
Euripides: 92 Plays
Gods and Goddesses:
- Zeus (Jupiter): God of Thunder and Lightning, King of Olympus
- Hera (Juno): Goddess of Marriage, Wife of Zeus, Queen of Olympus
- Poseidon (Neptune): God of the Sea
- Aphrodite (Venus): Goddess of Love and Beauty
- Apollo (Phoebos): God of Music and Healing, God of the Sun
- Ares (Mars): God of War
- Artemis (Diana): Goddess of the Hunt, Goddess of the Moon
- Athena (Minerva): Goddess of Wisdom, Goddess of Craft
- Hephaestus (Vulcan): God of Fire and Forge
- Hestia (Vesta): Goddess of Hearth
- Hades (Pluto): God of the Underworld
- Hermes (Mercury): Messenger of the Gods

Medieval and Renaissance Literature

King James: 1604, 47 Scholars, 1611, Masterpiece of English Prose
William Shakespeare: Greatest of All English Authors
Medieval Literature: Religious Writings, The Pilgrim’s Progress (Morale and Wisdom)
Concepts:
- The Imitation of the Ancient Masters
- Humanism and Fictional Literature

Writers during the Restoration Period

Alexander Pope: 18th Century Poet, Satirical Works
Samuel Johnson: Completed the Oxford English Dictionary
Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels
Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe
Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Supernaturalism, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Lord Byron: Hellenism, The Curse of Minerva

Period of Realism

Characteristics:
- Reaction Against Romanticism
- Truth and Depicted
- Present Issues
- Characters Diction is natural
Revelations of the dark side of the society
Writers during the Realism Period
Third Wave: More Equal to Men, No Longer Obligated to Marry, Legal System is Better

Imagery

Formalist Criticism
Types of Imagery:
- Seeing
- Hearing
- Smelling
- Touching
- Tasting

Figures of Speech

Irony: Strange or Funny
Sarcasm: Insincere Message
Satire: Making Fun by Imitating
Metaphor: Similarities to 2 Different Ideas
Personification: Representations of Anything
Simile: Comparison: “as” and “like”
Symbolism: Representation of Ideas
Synecdoche: A Part of Something Representing as a Whole
Metonymy: A Different Term

Five Basic Parts of the Plot

Exposition: Background
Rising Action: Problem/Conflict
Climax: Crucial Decision
Falling Action: Final Decision
Resolution: Denouement

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Description

Explore the earliest literary works in the world, including the Vedas, Hieroglyphics, and the Mahabharata, as well as ancient Egyptian literature and mythology.