Ancient Indian Literature and World Literature

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Questions and Answers

Who is the Goddess of Wisdom and Goddess of Craft in Greek mythology?

  • Hera
  • Aphrodite
  • Artemis
  • Athena (correct)

Who ordered 47 Scholars to translate the Bible?

  • Hermes
  • William Shakespeare
  • King James (correct)
  • Euripides

What is the primary theme of most Medieval Writings?

  • English prose
  • Greek mythology
  • Medieval and Renaissance literature
  • Catholicism (correct)

Who is the God of the Underworld in Greek mythology?

<p>Hades (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the Goddess of the Hunt and Goddess of the Moon in Greek mythology?

<p>Artemis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the God of Music and Healing, and God of the Sun in Greek mythology?

<p>Apollo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a dynamic character?

<p>Changes and learns something throughout the story (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sense is engaged in the sentence 'She smelled the scent of sweet hibiscus wafting through the air...'?

<p>Smelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a protagonist and an antagonist?

<p>The protagonist is the hero, while the antagonist is the villain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a character that remains the same throughout the story?

<p>Static character (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the sense of touch?

<p>The grass tickled his skin and sweat cooled on his brow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the main character in a story?

<p>Protagonist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the sense of sight?

<p>The night was black as ever, but bright stars lit up the sky (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a character that is fully developed and complex?

<p>Round character (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Book of Dead in Egyptian literature?

<p>It contains rules and regulations of life after death (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the Pilgrim's Progress?

<p>Morale and Wisdom (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of Chinese literature?

<p>Confucius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Vedas in Indian literature?

<p>They are the earliest literary writings in the world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the famous work 'Gulliver's Travels'?

<p>Jonathan Swift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the Iliad and Odyssey?

<p>Homer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Lord Byron's period?

<p>Hellenism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Ramayana in Indian literature?

<p>It is the longest epic in the world (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the poem 'Ode to Nightingale'?

<p>John Keats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Proverbs of Ptahhotep?

<p>It is the oldest text in the literature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Realism Period?

<p>Truth and Depicted Present Issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Mahabharata in Indian literature?

<p>It is the longest epic in the world (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who completed the Oxford English Dictionary?

<p>Samuel Johnson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the Works and Days, Theology, and The Shield of Heracles?

<p>Hesiod (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's period?

<p>Supernaturalism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the famous novel 'Robinson Crusoe'?

<p>Daniel Defoe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a flat character?

<p>Very few personality traits that do not change throughout the story (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which figure of speech is used in the sentence 'The candy melted in her mouth and swirls of bittersweet chocolate and slightly sweet but salty caramel blended together on her tongue'?

<p>Description (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exposition in a plot?

<p>To provide background information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a representation of an idea or concept?

<p>Symbolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the climax of a plot?

<p>The crucial decision that determines the outcome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a comparison using 'like' or 'as'?

<p>Simile (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Indian Literature

  • Earliest literary writers in the world
  • Vedas: Book of Knowledge
  • Mahabharata: Longest Epic in the world
  • Ramayana: Perfect Woman: Compassion and Sacrifice, Perfect Man: Duties and Responsibilities
  • Sanskrit: Most Productive Drama in the world

Ancient Egyptian Literature

  • Hieroglyphics: Earliest Writing in the world
  • The Book of Dead: Most Significant Egyptian Writing, Rules and Regulations of Life after Death
  • Osiris: God of the Nile River, Symbol of Immortality
  • The Precepts of Ptahhotep: Oldest Book in the world, The Meaning of Life
  • Proverbs of Ptahhotep: Oldest Text in Literature

Chinese Literature

  • Nature
  • Confucius: Founder of Chinese Literature
  • Lao-Tzu: Taoism

Greek Literature

  • Homer: 1st Writer in Greek Literature, Iliad & Odyssey, Trojan War
  • Hesiod: 2nd Writer in Greek Literature, Autobiography in the Form of Poetry, Works and Days, Theology, and The Shield of Heracles
  • Euripides: 92 Plays
  • Gods and Goddesses:
    • Zeus (Jupiter): God of Thunder and Lightning, King of Olympus
    • Hera (Juno): Goddess of Marriage, Wife of Zeus, Queen of Olympus
    • Poseidon (Neptune): God of the Sea
    • Aphrodite (Venus): Goddess of Love and Beauty
    • Apollo (Phoebos): God of Music and Healing, God of the Sun
    • Ares (Mars): God of War
    • Artemis (Diana): Goddess of the Hunt, Goddess of the Moon
    • Athena (Minerva): Goddess of Wisdom, Goddess of Craft
    • Hephaestus (Vulcan): God of Fire and Forge
    • Hestia (Vesta): Goddess of Hearth
    • Hades (Pluto): God of the Underworld
    • Hermes (Mercury): Messenger of the Gods

Medieval and Renaissance Literature

  • King James: 1604, 47 Scholars, 1611, Masterpiece of English Prose
  • William Shakespeare: Greatest of All English Authors
  • Medieval Literature: Religious Writings, The Pilgrim’s Progress (Morale and Wisdom)
  • Concepts:
    • The Imitation of the Ancient Masters
    • Humanism and Fictional Literature

Writers during the Restoration Period

  • Alexander Pope: 18th Century Poet, Satirical Works
  • Samuel Johnson: Completed the Oxford English Dictionary
  • Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels
  • Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe
  • Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Supernaturalism, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
  • Lord Byron: Hellenism, The Curse of Minerva

Period of Realism

  • Characteristics:
    • Reaction Against Romanticism
    • Truth and Depicted
    • Present Issues
    • Characters Diction is natural
  • Revelations of the dark side of the society
  • Writers during the Realism Period
  • Third Wave: More Equal to Men, No Longer Obligated to Marry, Legal System is Better

Imagery

  • Formalist Criticism
  • Types of Imagery:
    • Seeing
    • Hearing
    • Smelling
    • Touching
    • Tasting

Figures of Speech

  • Irony: Strange or Funny
  • Sarcasm: Insincere Message
  • Satire: Making Fun by Imitating
  • Metaphor: Similarities to 2 Different Ideas
  • Personification: Representations of Anything
  • Simile: Comparison: “as” and “like”
  • Symbolism: Representation of Ideas
  • Synecdoche: A Part of Something Representing as a Whole
  • Metonymy: A Different Term

Five Basic Parts of the Plot

  • Exposition: Background
  • Rising Action: Problem/Conflict
  • Climax: Crucial Decision
  • Falling Action: Final Decision
  • Resolution: Denouement

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