Ancient Humans' Dental Health

Cavities and Sugar Consumption

• 15,000-year-old human remains were found with teeth riddled with cavities caused by tiny microbes that live in our mouths
• These microbes, specifically mutans streptococci, are attracted to sugar and use it as a molecular building block and energy source
• Diets high in sugary foods cause an explosion of mutans streptococci in our mouths, leading to acid production and tooth decay
• Acid degrades the enamel on our teeth, causing cavities to form
• If left untreated, cavities can progress beyond the dentin, causing excruciating pain and potentially leading to tooth loss

Ancient Humans and Cavities

• Despite having a low-sugar diet, ancient humans still consumed carbohydrates from root vegetables, nuts, and grains that could break down into sugars
• This would have exposed their teeth to sugars, increasing the risk of cavities
• Archaeological evidence shows that ancient humans used sharpened flint to remove rotten teeth and even made rudimentary drills and beeswax fillings to treat cavities

Modern Cavities and Prevention

• The human incidence of cavities surged after the Industrial Revolution due to increased access to refined sugar
• Today, 92% of American adults have had cavities in their teeth
• High sugar consumption is a major contributor to cavities, but some people are more susceptible due to genetic factors
• Fluoride in toothpaste and water supplies can help strengthen teeth and prevent cavities
• Good oral hygiene practices, such as regular tooth brushing and flossing, can help prevent cavities
• Avoiding sugary, starchy, and sticky foods can also reduce the risk of cavities