Ancient History Fundamentals

The study of past events, based on evidence and interpretation.

The period before writing, relying on archaeological finds.

The earliest period of human history, marked by stone tools and hunter-gatherer lifestyle.

Early societies in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley and China

A period focused on ancient Greece and Rome, known for democracy, philosophy, law, and engineering.

The period after the Roman Empire, marked by the rise of kingdoms, the Crusades, and eventually, the Renaissance.

Began in Italy, a period of renewed interest in classical art, literature and philosophy

A religious movement challenging the Catholic Church, leading to Protestantism.

European exploration and colonization seeking new trade routes and territories.

Emphasizing reason, individualism, and human rights, influencing revolutions.