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Questions and Answers
What types of goods were shops in Pompeii commonly known to sell?
What types of goods were shops in Pompeii commonly known to sell?
Which type of shop in Pompeii was similar to modern fast food outlets?
Which type of shop in Pompeii was similar to modern fast food outlets?
What was a significant agricultural product exported from Pompeii?
What was a significant agricultural product exported from Pompeii?
What historical figure noted the importance of wine production in Pompeii?
What historical figure noted the importance of wine production in Pompeii?
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How was olive oil used in ancient Pompeii?
How was olive oil used in ancient Pompeii?
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Which of the following crops was particularly notable in Pompeii?
Which of the following crops was particularly notable in Pompeii?
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What role did the estates surrounding Vesuvius play in Pompeii's economy?
What role did the estates surrounding Vesuvius play in Pompeii's economy?
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What type of establishment was a 'caupona' in Pompeii?
What type of establishment was a 'caupona' in Pompeii?
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What was the significant consequence of the early excavation methods used at Pompeii and Herculaneum?
What was the significant consequence of the early excavation methods used at Pompeii and Herculaneum?
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Who succeeded Weber and adopted a more systematic approach to excavation?
Who succeeded Weber and adopted a more systematic approach to excavation?
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What significant structures were excavated during Francois Mazois's tenure?
What significant structures were excavated during Francois Mazois's tenure?
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In what year did systematic excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum begin?
In what year did systematic excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum begin?
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What led to the hiatus in excavations at Herculaneum in 1780?
What led to the hiatus in excavations at Herculaneum in 1780?
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What was unique about Weber's approach to documenting excavations?
What was unique about Weber's approach to documenting excavations?
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What method did Giusseppe Fiorelli develop for excavations?
What method did Giusseppe Fiorelli develop for excavations?
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What happened during the first excavations of Pompeii in the 16th century?
What happened during the first excavations of Pompeii in the 16th century?
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What was the primary function of the comitium?
What was the primary function of the comitium?
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Which statement best describes the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum?
Which statement best describes the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum?
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What role did the basilica serve in the community?
What role did the basilica serve in the community?
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What factor contributed to the low average number of tooth loss and decay in Herculaneum?
What factor contributed to the low average number of tooth loss and decay in Herculaneum?
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Which of the following best represents the estimated population of Herculaneum?
Which of the following best represents the estimated population of Herculaneum?
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Which statement reflects a misconception about social equality in Herculaneum?
Which statement reflects a misconception about social equality in Herculaneum?
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What kind of warning is exemplified in the governmental notice mentioned?
What kind of warning is exemplified in the governmental notice mentioned?
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What could possibly be included among the civic buildings mentioned?
What could possibly be included among the civic buildings mentioned?
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What was the minimum property qualification for a member of the ordo decurionum?
What was the minimum property qualification for a member of the ordo decurionum?
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How long did a man remain a member of the ordo decurionum once elected?
How long did a man remain a member of the ordo decurionum once elected?
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What role did the duumviri primarily serve during their term in office?
What role did the duumviri primarily serve during their term in office?
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Which types of trades were ruled out for membership in the ordo decurionum?
Which types of trades were ruled out for membership in the ordo decurionum?
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What was one of the responsibilities of the ordo decurionum?
What was one of the responsibilities of the ordo decurionum?
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How often did the duumviri hold a census to revise electoral roles?
How often did the duumviri hold a census to revise electoral roles?
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Which of the following was NOT a duty of the duumviri during their term?
Which of the following was NOT a duty of the duumviri during their term?
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What was a significant aspect of public works carried out by duumviri?
What was a significant aspect of public works carried out by duumviri?
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What were the villas associated with the wealthy Romans used for?
What were the villas associated with the wealthy Romans used for?
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Which activity was NOT commonly enjoyed by Romans?
Which activity was NOT commonly enjoyed by Romans?
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What was the primary type of wheat used to make bread in Pompeii?
What was the primary type of wheat used to make bread in Pompeii?
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How much of men's diets in Pompeii was comprised of seafood?
How much of men's diets in Pompeii was comprised of seafood?
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What innovative method did the Philodemus Project use to read the charred papyrus scrolls?
What innovative method did the Philodemus Project use to read the charred papyrus scrolls?
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What does the dedicatory inscription related to Titus Atullius Celer indicate?
What does the dedicatory inscription related to Titus Atullius Celer indicate?
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Which of the following was NOT a staple food mentioned for the diets in Pompeii and Herculaneum?
Which of the following was NOT a staple food mentioned for the diets in Pompeii and Herculaneum?
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What percentage of the diet in Herculaneum was comprised of seafood?
What percentage of the diet in Herculaneum was comprised of seafood?
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How many people could the large theatre in Pompeii accommodate?
How many people could the large theatre in Pompeii accommodate?
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What type of meat was primarily associated with rituals or dinner parties of the elite?
What type of meat was primarily associated with rituals or dinner parties of the elite?
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How did Romans typically view societal hierarchy during theatre performances?
How did Romans typically view societal hierarchy during theatre performances?
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What role did aediles have concerning games in ancient Rome?
What role did aediles have concerning games in ancient Rome?
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During which month was there no evidence of games being held?
During which month was there no evidence of games being held?
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Study Notes
12 Ancient History – CITIES OF VESUVIUS: Pompeii and Herculaneum
- Campania's climate was pleasant year-round, hot and dry in summer, mild and wet in winter
- Volcanic soil was spongy and fertile, suitable for vegetation like oak, willow, and poplar trees, and crops like wheat and barley
- Abundant clays, sands, and limestone, combined with pumice from the volcano, allowed for pottery and cement production
- Rich coastline provided fish and shellfish for a thriving industry
- Sheltered Bay of Naples offered numerous anchorages, making it a popular trading port and harbour for the Roman navy
- Pliny described Campania's coastline as the finest in Italy
- Tacitus described the Bay of Naples as beautiful before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius
- The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD dramatically changed the landscape
- The general population had no understanding of the forces of nature they were living with
- Tacitus stated the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 62 AD caused widespread damage to Pompeii
- The population of Pompeii was largely destroyed by the earthquake
- The eruption of 79 AD affected Pompeii and Herculaneum differently, with 1214 bodies found in Pompeii and approximately 1/3 of victims outside buildings and encased in ash
- The ground floors of buildings in Pompeii were mostly preserved
- About 349 bodies were found in Herculaneum, many inside buildings, whereas secondary buildings in Pompeii were mostly destroyed
- Herculaneum was buried under 23 meters of volcanic ash and debris
- Many Pompeii and Herculaneum residents attempted to flee by boat, but the rough seas hindered this
- People who stayed inside were likely to die from collapsing roofs, ash, and a lack of air from impeded breathing
- Early excavations (19th-20th centuries) were less systematic
- Proper excavation began in the mid-18th century, with careful documentation of artifacts and maps
- 1780 saw a pause in excavations at Herculaneum, before restarting in 1808 and 1815 when Francois Mazois and a team of 1500 resumed the process
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Description
Explore the history and significance of Pompeii and Herculaneum, two remarkable cities affected by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Learn about their geographical features, rich resources, and the insights provided by ancient historians such as Pliny and Tacitus. This quiz delves into the unique climate, agriculture, and trade that characterized the region before the catastrophic eruption.
