Questions and Answers
What does the term 'polis' mean?
It can also mean a body of citizens. In modern historiography, polis is normally used to indicate the ancient Greek city-states.
What is the definition of the Greek polis?
A tight-knit, small community of ancient Greek citizens who agreed on certain rules and customs.
What was the typical structure of a community in ancient Greece called?
Polis
Why was the Greek polis important?
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Who was Homer?
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What does the name Homer mean?
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What is the greatest contribution of Homer to Greek culture?
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What is Euripides best known for?
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What city is the capital of Greece?
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What was Athens famous for?
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Who are the ancient Athenians?
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What ancient Greek city-state was known for its militaristic government?
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Who founded Sparta according to ancient Greek tradition?
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Study Notes
Polis
- Term used to describe ancient Greek city-states, notably including Classical Athens.
- Represents a tight-knit community of citizens agreeing on customs and rules.
- Typically centered around a small urban area, with a surrounding countryside (chora).
Importance of the Greek Polis
- Body of citizens became the most significant aspect of the term "polis."
- Citizens referred to themselves using terms like Athenians and Lacedaemonians instead of just naming the cities.
Homer
- Renowned ancient Greek poet known for the epic poems, "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey."
- Traditionally believed to have been blind; regarded as highly influential in literature.
Historical Significance of Homer
- Name derived from Greek "Ομηρος" (Homeros), meaning "hostage" or "pledge."
- His works detail significant events like the Trojan War and the adventures of Odysseus.
Influence of Homer on Greek Culture
- Provided a unified set of values reflecting Greek self-perception.
- Established models of heroism and the ideal life, influencing social and aristocratic standards.
Euripides
- Acclaimed ancient Greek dramatist known for tragedies such as "Medea," "The Bacchae," and "The Trojan Women."
- Often incorporated the deus ex machina device to resolve narratives.
Major Works of Euripides
- Renowned for innovative storytelling, altering traditional myths and depicting the flaws of heroes and gods.
Athens
- Capital and largest city of Greece, located in east-central Greece on the Attica plain.
- Named after Athena, its patron goddess; serves as a cultural and economic hub.
Athens' Prominence
- Known for the Acropolis and the Parthenon, housing a statue of Athena and symbolizing Athenian grandeur.
- A leading city of ancient Greece, particularly influential in the 5th century BC.
Ancient Athenians
- Emerged as the foremost city of ancient Greece, significantly shaping Western civilization.
Sparta
- Ancient Greek city-state known for a militaristic society and rigorous citizen training.
- Defeated Athens in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), resulting in its temporary dominance.
Decline of Sparta
- Suffered significant casualties in war; lost its influence after defeat by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC.
Founding of Sparta
- According to Greek tradition, founded by Lacedaemon, a son of Zeus and the mortal Taygete.
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Description
Explore key terms and definitions related to the ancient Greek concept of 'polis'. This flashcard quiz covers essential vocabulary and provides insights into the social structure of Greek city-states. Ideal for students studying ancient history or classical civilization.
