PHILOSOPHERS

Self and Philosophy

• “Know Thyself” emphasizes the importance of introspection and self-examination in understanding one’s nature.
• Ancient Greek belief posits that the self is immortal and independent of the physical body.
• The Tripartite Theory of the Soul categorizes the soul into three parts: Reason, Spirit, and Appetite.
• The concept of the self as a unified entity challenges the notion of a separable body and soul relationship.

Interconnections with Divinity

• Theologians and philosophers argue that the self is intertwined with God, emphasizing the divine aspect of self-fulfillment.

Modern Philosophical Perspectives

• A Scottish philosopher argues that the self is merely an illusion, proposing the Bundle Theory, which suggests the self consists of perceptions, thoughts, and sensations.
• The term "Ghost in the machine" reflects the belief in a distinct separation between the mind (self) and the physical body.

Notable Philosophers and Their Theories

• A French philosopher and mathematician, famously known for “I think, therefore I am,” introduced Dualism, asserting a separation between mind and body.
• A German philosopher explored the distinction between the inner self and outer self, delving into the complexities of personal identity.
• An English philosopher known for Tabula Rasa theorized that the self is shaped significantly by memories and experiences, positing a blank slate approach to identity.
• An Austrian philosopher contributed to psychoanalytic theory, proposing the constructs of ID, Ego, and Superego to explain the development of personal identity.
• A French philosopher rejected dualism, asserting that the self is shaped by the physical body and senses, integrating physiological factors into self-perception.

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