Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Philosophy' derive from?
Love of wisdom
Who was credited with formulating the Pythagorean theorem?
Pythagoras
What is the concept proposed by Heraclitus?
Logos
What term did Democritus propose for tiny particles that matter is composed of?
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What are the two philosophies developed by Diogenes of Sinope's followers?
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What school of philosophy believes that wisdom and simple living result in a life free of fear and pain?
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What method did Socrates use to explore ideas?
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What is the name of the institution of higher learning founded by Socrates?
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Which area of philosophy deals with moral questions and dilemmas?
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The philosophical approach known as 'limit situations' describes experiences that challenge established ideas.
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Match the following branches of philosophy with their focus:
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Study Notes
Definition of Philosophy
- Originates from Greek words: Philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom)
- Refers to the "love of wisdom"
Ancient Greek Philosophers
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Pythagoras (570–495 BCE)
- Mathematician and scientist known for formulating the Pythagorean theorem
- Established a community focused on religion and philosophy
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Heraclitus (535–475 BCE)
- Introduced the concept of LOGOS, suggesting a higher order governs existence
- Famous for the idea that change is constant, encapsulated in "no man steps in the same river twice"
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Democritus (460–370 BCE)
- Early proponent of atomic theory, positing that matter consists of tiny particles called ATOMS
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Diogenes of Sinope (412–323 BCE)
- Advocated for a simple, virtuous life and criticized established philosophers
- Known for extreme austerity and lived like a beggar
- Concepts of Cynicism and Stoicism influenced future philosophical schools
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Epicurus (341–270 BCE)
- Sought to show how philosophy could lead to a life of happiness
- Founded Epicureanism, emphasizing wisdom and simple living to achieve a life free of fear and pain
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Socrates (470–399 BCE)
- Considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times
- Developed the Socratic Method, a questioning technique to explore topics deeply
- Proposed the Theory of Forms, positing that ideas are eternal and unchanging
- Founded the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world
Importance of Philosophizing
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Sense of Wonder
- Human curiosity drives exploration of experiences and questions (Plato)
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Doubt
- Questioning established ideas fosters critical thinking (René Descartes)
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Experience
- Confronting challenging life experiences leads to profound insights, referred to as limit situations (Karl Jaspers)
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Love for Wisdom
- The quest for understanding and knowledge (Socrates)
Approaches in Philosophy
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Analyzing Frameworks
- Frameworks shape individual beliefs and perspectives, with both internal and external questioning.
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Examination of Knowledge Areas
- Philosophy involves critical analysis applied across various disciplines.
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Distinct Areas of Knowledge
- Aesthetics: Study of beauty
- Logic: Correct reasoning
- Epistemology: Nature of knowledge
- Ethics: Moral dilemmas
- Political Philosophy: Justice, power, and citizens' rights
- Metaphysics: Reality and existence questions
- Philosophy of the Human Person: Integrative understanding of humanity through various philosophical branches.
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Description
Explore the origins and key figures in Ancient Greek philosophy, focusing on the meaning of philosophy as 'love of wisdom'. Learn about philosophers like Pythagoras and their contributions to mathematics and science.
