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The Parthenon is an octastyle temple with ______ columns in front and 17 columns by its side
The Parthenon is an octastyle temple with ______ columns in front and 17 columns by its side
8
The Parthenon is an example of the application of ______ in its design
The Parthenon is an example of the application of ______ in its design
entasis
The Parthenon had a doubled chamber ______, where one chamber housed a huge statue of Athena
The Parthenon had a doubled chamber ______, where one chamber housed a huge statue of Athena
naos
The roof of the Parthenon chamber was supported by ______ columns inside
The roof of the Parthenon chamber was supported by ______ columns inside
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The Parthenon was built with the ______ order
The Parthenon was built with the ______ order
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The Parthenon's proportions are based on the proportions of a ______
The Parthenon's proportions are based on the proportions of a ______
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The temple always faced ______ so that the rising sun would light the statues of the God inside
The temple always faced ______ so that the rising sun would light the statues of the God inside
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The Parthenon is the most perfect ______ temple ever built
The Parthenon is the most perfect ______ temple ever built
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The temple is usually rectangular in ______
The temple is usually rectangular in ______
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The temple building is made up of four walls enclosing a rectangular space called the ______ or sanctuary
The temple building is made up of four walls enclosing a rectangular space called the ______ or sanctuary
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Temples with ______ columns in front are diastyle
Temples with ______ columns in front are diastyle
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The number of columns is always ______ to allow the location of the entrance in the center
The number of columns is always ______ to allow the location of the entrance in the center
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Greek temples usually have twice the number of columns in front plus ______ by the side
Greek temples usually have twice the number of columns in front plus ______ by the side
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The temple interior was generally ______, with only the entrance as a source of light
The temple interior was generally ______, with only the entrance as a source of light
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Colonnades define a ______ around the temple
Colonnades define a ______ around the temple
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The most important Greek building was the ______
The most important Greek building was the ______
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The Temple of Aphaia at Aegina has a _______________ pediment on the Eastern and Western sides.
The Temple of Aphaia at Aegina has a _______________ pediment on the Eastern and Western sides.
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The Temple of Aphaia at Aegina has a total of _______________ flanking columns.
The Temple of Aphaia at Aegina has a total of _______________ flanking columns.
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The statue of Apollo is placed in an inner _______________ in the Temple of Apollo Epicurius.
The statue of Apollo is placed in an inner _______________ in the Temple of Apollo Epicurius.
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The temple of Apollo Epicurius is aligned _______________ due to local tradition or the difficult topography.
The temple of Apollo Epicurius is aligned _______________ due to local tradition or the difficult topography.
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The naos of the Temple of Apollo Epicurius consists of _______________ half columns.
The naos of the Temple of Apollo Epicurius consists of _______________ half columns.
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The only _______________ column is located at the end of the Temple of Apollo Epicurius.
The only _______________ column is located at the end of the Temple of Apollo Epicurius.
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The colonnades around the Temple of Apollo Epicurius are built using the _______________ order.
The colonnades around the Temple of Apollo Epicurius are built using the _______________ order.
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The Temple of Apollo Epicurius is a rare example of a temple that blends _______________ and Ionic orders in a single structure.
The Temple of Apollo Epicurius is a rare example of a temple that blends _______________ and Ionic orders in a single structure.
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Study Notes
Architectural Characteristics of Greek Temples
- Greek temples feature orders, façade elements, optical corrections, and plan organization.
- The temple is usually rectangular in plan, lifted on a podium, and has colonnades on all its external sides.
Plan Organization of Greek Temples
- The number of columns is always even to allow the location of the entrance in the center.
- Temples with 2 columns in front are diastyle, 4: tetrastyle, 6: hexastyle, 8: octastyle, and 10: decastyle.
- Greek temples usually have twice the number of columns in front plus one by the side.
- The temple building is made up of four walls enclosing a rectangular space called the naos or sanctuary.
- The temple interior was generally dark, with only the entrance as a source of light.
- The temple always faced east so that the rising sun would light the statues of the God inside.
- Temples were designed to be admired from the outside rather than used.
Examples of Temple Architecture
The Parthenon
- The Parthenon was the most prominent building on the Athenian Acropolis.
- It was designed by Ictinus and Callicrates in 447 BC.
- The Parthenon is the most perfect Doric temple ever built.
- It embodies the perfection of the Greek system of proportioning.
- The proportions of the Parthenon are based on the proportions of a man, which is seven to one.
- The Parthenon is an octastyle temple with 8 columns in front and 17 columns by its side.
- It features the best example of the application of entasis.
- The Parthenon had a doubled chamber naos.
- The inside of the temple was often not used.
Temple of Aphaia at Aegina
- The Temple of Aphaia at Aegina was built around 500 BC.
- It is a hexastyle temple with only 12 flanking columns.
- The interior columns are divided into a row of two columns.
- The temple has triangular pediment on the Eastern and Western sides decorated with stories from Greek myths.
- It was built between 420 – 400 BC.
Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae
- The temple was built between 420 – 400 BC.
- It is a hexastyle (6, 15) temple.
- The statue of Apollo is placed in an inner sanctuary.
- The temple is aligned north-south, perhaps because of local tradition or the difficult topography and the limited space available on the site.
- Its blend of Doric and Ionic orders in a single structure was unusual.
Examples of Civic Architecture
- During the Hellenistic period, Greeks became very fascinated by civic buildings.
- Treatments once reserved for temples and the gods were gradually extended to civic and government buildings.
- The Agora or market place also became very important in Greek cities.
- The Theater Epidaurus is an example of civic architecture.
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Description
Explore the architectural characteristics of Greek temples, including orders, façade elements, optical corrections, and plan organization. Learn about famous examples like the Parthenon and Temple of Aphaia.
