Ancient Greece Unit 3

• This is a study guide for Unit 3 Common Assessment task
• The test is worth 20 points

Ancient Greece's Geography

• The seas provided natural defense, food, exploration, and trade routes
• Mountains offered natural defense
• Mountainous terrain lacked fertile land for agriculture, mandating exploration

Government Purposes

• Providing public services means services or goods made/given to everyone
• Examples include streets that are cleaned after it snows and public schools
• In ancient Greece, theaters and gymnasiums are examples of public services
• Establishing a common defense is a defense maintained by the government for all citizens
• The USA's Navy, Army, and Air Force are examples of a common defense
• Greek examples include triremes, the phalanx, and the acropolis

Economics and Individual Rights

• Supporting the economic system involves government maintenance and assistance to the economy
• Taxation is a method of the citizens supporting the economy
• In Athens, individuals could pursue specific jobs, improving trade for goods and services at the agora
• Protecting individual rights refers to the government ensuring rights for all citizens
• The freedom of religion in the USA is an example of such
• Under the laws of Sparta, women were allowed to own property and all male citizens could vote

Rule of Law

• Promoting the rule of law means laws and consequences are public and enforced for everyone
• Courts and a judicial system are examples of how this is expressed

Types of Government

• Theocracy is defined as a government ruled by religion
• Anarchy is defined as having no government
• Oligarchy is defined as there being a small group of people in power
• Representative democracy is defined as people/citizens electing individuals to run the government
• Monarchy is defined as a king or queen ruling
• Direct democracy, which originated in Athens, is defined as all citizens directly participating in government decisions

Alexander the Great

• Alexander the Great conquered and controlled Greece then continued to conquer Egypt, Persia, and parts of India after beginning as a leader

Ancient Greece Accomplishments

• Ancient theater includes fables and an amphitheater
• Ancient philosophy includes Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato
• Aristotle encouraged students to question everything through discussion and debate
• Socrates created works about specific topics, including a book about the best form of government
• Plato wrote about science, poetry, and animals, and tutored Alexander the Great
• Greek history and politics include a focus on democracy, a judicial system, and the Olympics
• Ancient Greek art and architecture includes columns, amphitheaters, and ceramics

Medical/Persian Wars

• The Persians outnumbered the Greeks
• At the Battle of Marathon, the Greeks ran from Athens and defeated the Persians
• Greeks won the Battle of Salamis due to good military strategy and boats
• Athens, Sparta, and the rest of Greece worked together to fight
• Athens emerged as a leader of Greece after the war

Peloponnesian Wars

• Sparta fought against Athens in this war
• The two leagues were the Peloponnesian League and the Delos league
• The Peloponnesian War marked the end of Greece’s Golden Age, changes in war styles, and the fall of Athens
• The balance of power shifted when Athens was absorbed by the Spartan empire

Definition of Words

• Corroboration is when similar information is sourced from several places
• Reliability is when a data source is known to be recent, reputable, and well-known
• Source analysis is when we look at sources of data in detail to consider who created the source and where the information comes from