Ancient Greece: Chapter 4 Test, Form A

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Questions and Answers

What was the first Greek civilization?

Mycenae

What type of literature is 'The Odyssey'?

epic poem

What term refers to a Greek city, town, or village and surroundings?

polis

What is the important Greek colony city on the Bosporus Strait?

Byzantium Signup and view all the answers

What is the Athenian vote of banishment called?

ostracism Signup and view all the answers

What period is referred to as the height of Athenian power and brilliance?

Age of Pericles Signup and view all the answers

What is the sacred shrine where a priest reveals the future called?

oracle Signup and view all the answers

What is the famous temple of Athena called?

Parthenon Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of Stoicism?

Zeno Signup and view all the answers

What age began with Alexander the Great's conquests?

the Hellenistic Era Signup and view all the answers

Why did so many different communities develop independent ways of life in ancient Greece?

The mountains in the territory isolated people from one another and prevented different communities from coming together. Signup and view all the answers

What historical event do scholars debate Homer's account of?

the sacking of Troy by Mycenaeans under the leadership of King Agamemnon Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'oligarchy' refer to in the context of the government of Sparta?

ruled by a small number of people Signup and view all the answers

Why did large numbers of Greeks establish colonies in distant lands between 750 B.C. and 550 B.C.?

They were seeking a home that was less overpopulated and where they would find fertile farmland. Signup and view all the answers

According to legends, how did the people in Athens find out what happened at the Battle of Marathon?

A man named Pheidippides ran all the way from the battlefield to Athens. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Athenians stay within their walled city during the Peloponnesian Wars?

Pericles knew they were not strong enough to defeat the Spartan army, but he thought the walls could keep them out. Signup and view all the answers

Who said that 'the unexamined life is not worth living'?

Socrates Signup and view all the answers

What did the Athenian dramatist Euripides write?

realistic tragedies that portrayed war as barbaric Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Alexander the Great's conquests?

Greek language, art, architecture, and literature spread throughout Southeast Asia. Signup and view all the answers

Why, according to legend, did Archimedes run through town shouting 'Eureka'?

He had experienced a breakthrough in his studies of specific gravity while he was taking a bath. Signup and view all the answers

What did Herodotus write that is considered to be the first of its kind?

real history in Western civilization Signup and view all the answers

At its height, how far east did Alexander's empire extend?

Pakistan Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Greek Civilization and Literature

Mycenae represents the first Greek civilization, known for its advancements and influence.
The Odyssey is categorized as an epic poem, a significant form of ancient Greek literature.

City-States and Colonization

A polis refers to a Greek city, including towns and surrounding areas, functioning as an independent political unit.
Byzantium was an important Greek colony located on the Bosporus strait, serving as a critical trade and cultural center.
During 750-550 B.C., large numbers of Greeks established colonies to escape overcrowding and seek fertile land.

Political and Cultural Developments

Ostracism was a process in Athens allowing citizens to vote for banishment of individuals deemed threats to the state.
The Age of Pericles marks a peak in Athenian power and cultural achievements.
The government of Sparta was an oligarchy, indicating rule by a small elite group.

Religion and Philosophy

An oracle was a sacred shrine where priests provided prophetic insights regarding the future.
The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena, symbolizes ancient Greek architectural mastery.
Socrates famously asserted, "the unexamined life is not worth living," emphasizing the importance of self-reflection.

Historical Figures and Events

Zeno is recognized as the founder of Stoicism, a philosophy advocating virtue and wisdom.
Demographic isolation due to mountainous terrain led various communities in ancient Greece to develop distinct lifestyles.
Herodotus is credited with writing the first historical account in Western civilization.

Alexander the Great and His Legacy

The Hellenistic Era began with Alexander the Great's conquests, facilitating the spread of Greek culture across Southeast Asia.
Alexander's empire ultimately stretched to Pakistan, illustrating the vast reach of his conquests.
Following his campaigns, Greek language, art, architecture, and literature flourished across the regions he conquered.

Notable Events and Innovations

The Battle of Marathon was relayed to Athenians by Pheidippides, who heroically ran from the battlefield to the city.
During the Peloponnesian Wars, Pericles advised Athenians to stay within city walls, believing they could withstand Spartan attacks.
Archimedes famously exclaimed "Eureka!" after discovering principles of specific gravity while bathing, illustrating the intersection of science and daily life.
Euripides, an Athenian dramatist, is known for creating realistic tragedies that depict the horrors of war, showing a shift in narrative style.

Additional Insights

Scholars debate the historical accuracy of Homer's account pertaining to the sacking of Troy by Mycenaeans led by King Agamemnon, highlighting the intersection of myth and history.

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Description

Test your knowledge of ancient Greek civilization with this Chapter 4 quiz. Covering key terms and concepts like Mycenae, epic poems, and the structure of Greek city-states, you'll get a comprehensive overview of this fascinating period. Perfect for students studying for a history exam.