Ancient Civilizations & World History

Ancient Civilizations & World History

• Hieroglyphics were used as a form of communication by the ancient Egyptians.
• The Battle of Yorktown was the final major event of the American Revolution.
• A confederation is a union of countries where some or most power is shared.
• Turkey's largest city is geographically located in both Europe and Asia.
• The Compromise of 1850 included a controversial fugitive slave provision.
• The Articles of Confederation represented the initial attempt to establish an independent government by the American colonies.
• The Battle of Antietam immediately preceded the Emancipation Proclamation during the American Civil War.
• Nelson Mandela was instrumental in ending apartheid in South Africa.
• Spain was the first European nation to colonize the southwestern United States.
• The Cold War led to the construction of private bomb shelters by the American public due to heightened tensions.
• The 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution granted women the right to vote.
• Constantine was largely responsible for ending the persecution of Christians in Ancient Rome.
• Lexington and Concord marked the start of the war with Great Britain.
• The main religions in Nepal are Hinduism and Buddhism.
• The Indian Removal Act of 1830 resulted in the forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation to the western United States.
• The American public reacted to tensions created by the Cold War through actions like constructing private bomb shelters.
• Ukraine is known as the breadbasket of Europe.
• Thomas Jefferson believed the Alien and Sedition Acts violated freedom of the press.
• Russia withdrew from World War I due to the onset of the Bolshevik Revolution.
• The South had more experienced generals than the North during the American Civil War.
• The Louisiana Purchase had the greatest impact on the size of the United States.
• The destruction of the USS Maine led to the start of the Spanish-American War.
• The Proclamation of 1763 limited the westward expansion of the American colonies under British rule.
• Peru's coastal region is primarily a desert.
• The 15th Amendment prohibits denying citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
• The Mountain Time Zone is located between California and Texas.
• The conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi took place in Rwanda.
• India, Pakistan, and China have territorial claims in Kashmir.
• Charles Lindbergh is most known for his contributions to aviation.
• Poll taxes were used in the South to deny African Americans access to voting after the Civil War.
• The British efforts to make the colonists pay for the French and Indian War most contributed to the start of the American Revolution.
• Windmills helped homesteaders establish farms on the Great Plains during the 1800s by pumping water for irrigation.
• The Suez Canal's significance lies in connecting the Mediterranean and Red Seas, speeding up trade between Europe and Asia.
• Warren overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson.
• Massachusetts was founded by people who escaped religious persecution in England, engaged in farming, fishing, and whaling, and was led by John Winthrop.
• Islam is the predominant religion in Northern Africa.
• The midwestern US has the greatest frequency of tornadoes.
• India gained its independence from Great Britain in 1947.
• The actions of the Boston Tea Party, Boston Massacre, and Intolerable Acts contributed to the American Revolution.
• Maryland was established as a haven for English Catholics.
• The Monroe Doctrine stated that no European power should seek colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
• "Go west young man" was a part of Manifest Destiny.
• In a letter to Martha Washington, George Washington explained that he accepted the generalship of the Continental Army.
• Roger Williams discovered and founded Rhode Island, advocating for separation of church and state.
• Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton formed the 1st political party.
• Pearl Harbor forced the U.S. to enter WWII.
• The Missouri Compromise was an agreement between northern and southern states regarding the admission of western territories as slave states.
• Germany's invasion of Poland started WWII.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt wrote the New Deal.
• John F. Kennedy responded in a letter to the Soviet Union won the space race due to Sputnik.
• "A day that shall live in Infamy" refers to the day of Pearl Harbor.
• Thomas Jefferson signed the Declaration of Independence last in the American Revolution.
• John F. Kennedy's Inauguration in 1961 took place during the Cold War.
• Thomas Jefferson led the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which led to the Louisiana Purchase.
• The Virginia Company settled in Jamestown for defense and silver and gold.
• The Erie Canal was built for navigation from New York and the Atlantic.
• The Articles of Confederation created a strong central government & a weak national government.
• Alexander Hamilton advocated for the rule of law as a Federalist.
• The Louisiana Purchase came before Lincoln's Inauguration and the Gold Rush.
• The South had more experience over the North in the colony.
• The Stamp Act of 1765 was the first internal tax.
• The Sons of Liberty posted secret groups that staged rights.
• The Proclamation Act prohibited settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
• The Trail of Tears forced Indians to move to Oklahoma.
• The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point at the national cemetery.
• Thomas Paine authored Common Sense.
• James Madison wrote the Federalist Papers about checks and balances.
• Francis Scott Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner after the bombardment of Maryland fort by the British during the War of 1812.
• The colony was upset with England's representation in parliament.
• Eli Whitney made the cotton gin so cotton could process faster.
• Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery.
• Thomas Jefferson: "The basis of our government being the opinion of the people, the very first object should be to keep that right.
• Thomas Edison invented the Lightbulb.
• The Twin Towers was bombed on September 11th, 2001 resulting in the Patriot Act.

Intensive Action

• Intensive agriculture, poor irrigation practices, and overgrazing contribute to desertification.
• Strip mining an area for minerals is an example of how humans impact topography.
• Adjusting interest rates is an action that would be taken by the Federal Reserve.
• Workers will need to be retrained to perform different jobs because of the introduction of robotics into manufacturing centers.
• Overproduction of agricultural products contributed to a decline in the prices of goods.
• Lowering interest rates encourages economic growth.

Government

• Signing proposed bills into laws is a responsibility of the executive branch.
• Enacting and enforcing antitrust legislation demonstrates one way the government can promote competition.
• Raising taxes is a shared power between state and federal governments.
• The establishment of an executive branch is contained in the United States Constitution but not in the Articles of Confederation.
• A command economy describes the type of economy where the government has the most control of the country’s resources.
• Delegates agreed on how enslaved people would be counted in the census was describes the compromise over slavery that the delegates agreed upon during the Constitutional Convention.
• An increase in the price of a product will increase supply is correct based on the law of supply.
• There are 27 Amendments now in the Bill of Rights & Preamble/Constitution.
• Social Security is an example of direct assistance.

Economy

• A local clothing store offering customers fifty percent off the price of all inventory items is an example of an incentive.
• The per capita national output is a key component in determining the economic growth of a country.
• Thomas Malthus theorized that unchecked population growth exhausts available resources, leading to famine, disease, and war.
• China has become one of the world’s largest emitters of carbon dioxide because of China's rapid economic growth.
• If a agricultural area experiences a drought and sees a decline in crop production, resulting in resulting in economic scarcity
• Voter turnout has increased since the 1950's.
• In a transparent government, citizens are a part of it with decision making.
• The principles in the US Constitution are Popular Sovereignty\ Check and Balance\ Federalism.
• To defend the Constitution is a military duty.
• It is a responsibility of a citizen to volunteer.

Geography & Topography

• The Ring of Fire region is best known for high levels of seismic activity.
• Volcanoes and earthquakes are the most common geological threats to Mexico.
• Siberia is the vast, cold, dry region of eastern Russia.
• Mount Everest is tallest mountain located in the Himalayas.
• A topographical map shows natural and manmade features, elevation, and contour lines.
• Greenland in summer months June and July has sleet and snow.
• The Pyramid of Giza is located in Egypt.
• Human activity affected the Red Sea shortage of water.
• Hawaii and Samoa: Polynesian ethnicity.
• Atlas Mountains are located in Africa.
• Illinois and Michigan canal connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River.
• The Himalaya largest mountains.

Culture & Society

• The study of human societies, their development, and their physical linguistics is known as cultural anthropology.
• Open Door Policy: allows for a system of trade in China open to all countries equally- set into motion the economic transformation of modern China.

Geographical Regions

• The south is known as the perceptual region.
• England moved to the mid-Atlantic coastline.
• The Pacific Ocean covers 1/3 of earth.
• The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean.
• The Aral Sea dried up due to urbanization.
• "The sun never sets" applies to the British Empire due to its vast global holdings.
• Rwanda, is where the conflict between Hutu and Tutsi takes place.
• Sahel is located in South Africa.

Natural Resources & Farming

• Renewable resources can be used again as in wood
• Drip irrigation is used in a drought.
• Terrance Farming required less water to use the mountain sides or hills. (Incas)
• Monsoons in Bangladesh.

Key Figures & Events

• The Cold War was after WWII.
• Reconstruction was the rebuilding after the civil war.
• Jonas Salk invented the polio vaccine.
• Joseph Stalin was the Soviet leader after World War II.
• Lyndon Johnson's speech in Selma AL, addressed the need to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.
• Separate but equal refers to Plessy vs Ferguson.
• F. D. Roosevelt is the president associated with the environment because he created national parks.
• Separate but equal is Plessy vs Fergus
• Nat Turner led the only effective slave rebellion.
• William Lloyd Garrison published "Liberator" in a weekly paper that was about abolishing slavery.

Economics

• Economic terms that best describes this example, Incentive, best describes that.
• Scarcity, an agricultural area experiences drought and sees a decline in crop production.
• Market Economy is associated with technology.
• Minimum wage affects the demand for labor increases.

Additional Info

• Equalitarian: all people are equal and deserving of equal rights and indigenous (a native)
• Imperialism: a policy where one country extends its power and influence over another weaker country in order to enrich itself
• Transcontinental railroad- growth of national markets.
• In 1932, The Pechora Commission was established by the U.S. Senate to study the Stock Market crash.
• Shortage of water from the Red Sea, the government, was trying to create more production.
• A key component in determining the economic growth of a country, per capita national output, is important.
• Topographical Map: shows natural and manmade features; elevation and contour lines.
• Strait: narrow waterway between two bodies of water.
• Opportunities costs: an alternative that must be lost in order to pursue another option: the benefits you might have received had you taken the alternative action.
• Supply and Demand: the more you have of a particular item, the less you can usually ask for it in a retail setting, if an item is scarce then the price will go up.
• Culture Diffusion: Example: Russian people's interest in wearing American blue jean.
• Open Door Policy: allows for a system of trade in China.
• The Nile River is the world's largest river.
• Gender roles: in a society, the set of behaviors that are expected and considered appropriate.
• Globalization: the idea of keeping us all together and bringing the world together.
• Transparent Government: governments obligations to share information with their citizens.
• Acculturation: adapting or borrowing traits from another culture.
• Culture Diffusion: spread of one's culture, practices and belief.