Ancient Civilizations

Ancient Civilizations

• Mesopotamia (3500 BCE - 539 BCE):
  • Invention of writing (cuneiform)
  • Development of cities (Ur, Babylon)
  • Creation of laws (Code of Hammurabi)
• Ancient Egypt (3100 BCE - 30 BCE):
  • Pyramids and mummification
  • Hieroglyphics and papyrus
  • Pharaonic dynasties
• Ancient Greece (8th century BCE - 146 CE):
  • City-states (Athens, Sparta)
  • Philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle)
  • Democracy and theater
• Ancient Rome (8th century BCE - 476 CE):
  • Republic and empire
  • Law and governance
  • Architecture and engineering

Medieval Period

• Early Middle Ages (500 - 1000 CE):
  • Fall of the Roman Empire
  • Rise of Christianity
  • Feudalism and chivalry
• High Middle Ages (1000 - 1300 CE):
  • Crusades and trade
  • Universities and scholasticism
  • Gothic architecture
• Late Middle Ages (1300 - 1500 CE):
  • Black Death and plague
  • Hundred Years' War
  • Renaissance humanism

Early Modern Period

• Renaissance (1400 - 1600 CE):
  • Revival of classical learning
  • Art and literature (Leonardo, Michelangelo)
  • Exploration and discovery
• Reformation and Wars of Religion (1500 - 1650 CE):
  • Protestantism and Catholicism
  • Thirty Years' War
  • Rise of nation-states
• Enlightenment and Revolution (1650 - 1800 CE):
  • Scientific revolution
  • Enlightenment thinkers (Locke, Rousseau)
  • American and French Revolutions

Modern Period

• Industrialization and Imperialism (1800 - 1914 CE):
  • Industrial Revolution
  • Colonialism and empire-building
  • Nationalism and militarism
• World War I and Interwar Period (1914 - 1945 CE):
  • World War I and its causes
  • Rise of fascist and communist regimes
  • World War II and its aftermath
• Cold War and Contemporary Era (1945 CE - present):
  • Bipolar world order
  • Decolonization and globalization
  • Contemporary issues and challenges

Ancient Civilizations

• Mesopotamia (3500 BCE - 539 BCE) developed writing (cuneiform), cities (Ur, Babylon), and laws (Code of Hammurabi).
• Ancient Egypt (3100 BCE - 30 BCE) built pyramids, practiced mummification, used hieroglyphics and papyrus, and had Pharaonic dynasties.
• Ancient Greece (8th century BCE - 146 CE) had city-states (Athens, Sparta), philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), democracy, and theater.
• Ancient Rome (8th century BCE - 476 CE) was a republic and empire, developed law and governance, and achieved architectural and engineering feats.

Medieval Period

Early Middle Ages (500 - 1000 CE)

• The Roman Empire fell, Christianity rose, and feudalism and chivalry emerged.

High Middle Ages (1000 - 1300 CE)

• The Crusades and trade flourished, universities and scholasticism emerged, and Gothic architecture developed.

Late Middle Ages (1300 - 1500 CE)

• The Black Death and plague occurred, the Hundred Years' War was fought, and Renaissance humanism emerged.

Early Modern Period

Renaissance (1400 - 1600 CE)

• Classical learning was revived, art and literature flourished (Leonardo, Michelangelo), and exploration and discovery accelerated.

Reformation and Wars of Religion (1500 - 1650 CE)

• Protestantism and Catholicism conflicted, the Thirty Years' War was fought, and nation-states rose.

Enlightenment and Revolution (1650 - 1800 CE)

• The scientific revolution occurred, Enlightenment thinkers (Locke, Rousseau) emerged, and the American and French Revolutions took place.

Modern Period

Industrialization and Imperialism (1800 - 1914 CE)

• The Industrial Revolution happened, colonialism and empire-building accelerated, and nationalism and militarism grew.

World War I and Interwar Period (1914 - 1945 CE)

• World War I was fought, fascist and communist regimes rose, and World War II and its aftermath occurred.

Cold War and Contemporary Era (1945 CE - present)

• The bipolar world order emerged, decolonization and globalization accelerated, and contemporary issues and challenges arose.

Explore the history of ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, including their innovations, cultural achievements, and contributions to modern society.