Ancient Civilizations: Philistines, Edomites and Phoenicians

• Philistines arrived at the end of the Bronze Age after a major migration from the Aegean Sea
• They established a pentapolis consisting of five major port cities
• The Philistines had the best land and power
• The Philistines were the first to bring Iron and were from Myoceans
• Edomites/Idumaeans were one of the first Monarchies, and were arabs
• They occupied low land hill country in southern Judaea

Nebuchadnezzar

• The leader of Babylonians
• He attacked Jerusalem and deported around 17,000 important people

Cyrus

• He was the leader of Persia, also known as the Persian King
• He offered the deported people the chance to return in exchange for setting up temples, villages, and an army
• Approximately 15,000 people returned

Ben Gurion

• David Ben-Gurion established the state of Israel in 1948 and became its first Prime Minister
• An airport was named after him

Phoenicians

• They were settlers of present-day Lebanon during the Iron Age
• They created the alphabet

Sinune

• A love story known as "The Tale of Sinuhe" tells the story of an Egyptian man fleeing the kingdom
• It includes the first mention of "our region"

Solomon

• Aka Jedidiah, was the fourth Monarch of the Kingdom of Israel and Judah
• He was the successor of his father David and potentially the ruler of all 12 tribes of Israel

David

• As King of Israel, he brought tribes together to fight the common enemy, the Philistines
• He took over the Canaanite city Jevus and renamed it Jerusalem in honor of it
• Jerusalem became a "new monarchy" and was known as the "City of Peace", which was its real name as the city of David

Simeon

• He was one of the tribes of Israel and was considered an arab
• He was part of the "lost tribe of Israel"

Merneptah

• Pharaoh king who documented [life] on Stele
• Mentioned "enemy Israel," corroborating that Israel existed

Samaritans

• They were descended from Israelites who were not deported
• They lived in the northern half of the West Bank

Assyrians

• They cut up monarchies and took over, and took over Israel
• They deported 22,800 people in 722 BC and were defeated by Babylonians in the 7th century BC

Canaanites

• They consisted of City States, each with its own King, but all under the control of Egypt during the Bronze Age
• When Egyptian rule declined, the Iron Age began

Dan

• Part of Philistine tribe
• Canaanite city Called Dan, the northernmost Israelite city

Babylonians

• An empire that "cut up and swallowed" other monarchies of the Iron Age
• In 586 BC, they took over the Kingdom of Judea as its last monarchy and deported 17,000 important people under Nebuchadnezzar
• They were conquered by the Persian Empire (Cyrus) in 539 BC

Persians

• An empire that conquered Babylonia and helped its people
• They allowed deported individuals to return to their land with cities, armies, and temples set up for them

Hezekiah

• King of Judah from 715-687 BC who led a rebellion against the Assyrian empire, leading to the invasion of Judah

Josiah

• King of Judah who restored monotheism and declared Jerusalem as the only place for worship

Egyptians

• Big power during Bronze Age
• Controlled Canaanites and were the first to establish fertile civilizations with script

Ethiopian Jews

Theory that they are descendants from the lost tribe of Dan, living in modern-day Ethiopia and descended from King Solomon

City of David

• "Jerusalem" was established to keep tribes together, even after ousting the Philistines

• It was formerly the Canaanite city "Jevus"

• Jerusalem is the nickname of the City of David and means "city of peace"

• It is a major place of worship situated on Central Hill

• Lake of Galilee: fed by river Jordan, after spring, Jesusmiricals

• Mesopotamia was one of the first civilizations due to its access to water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

• It was a source of Archives (Mari + Ugarit)

• This is where superpowers started (Babylonians)

• Canaan: City States, Controlled by Egypt, Bronze age "our"regin

• Yehud: New province name for Judea, province created by Persians

• Judea: Southernmost province - "land of the Jews"

• Samaria: Capital of Judaea

• Hills of Samaria

• Philistia: Pentapolis of Philistines

• Jezreel Valley: in between central hill and Galilee mountains

• Host to via mais, Main trade route

• Negev: desert located below the central hill

• Central Hill : mountain range, 20–25 mountains

• Persia: Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and more

• Assyria: Was the region of the fertile crescent

• Babylonia: Also fertile crescent

• Roma: city in Italy

• Galilee: mountain range above Jezreel Valley

• Seashore planes: flat planes in between mediteranion sea + Central Hill

• Hazor: city near Lake of Galilee, largest fortified city

• Jebus: old city where southeast Jerusalem is now

• Hebron: South of Jerusalem

• Some latitude as Gaza

• Jericho: City in west bank, north of Dead Sea

• Dan: Northern most Israelite city, north of spring

• Ashkelon: costal city worm of Gaza

• Yemen: Southest region of Arabian Peninsula

• Megiddo: about as far north as sea of Galilee

• Damascus: City in seria

• Masada: South tip of Dead Sea

• Gaza: City Southern coast of "our region"

• Tiberias: On coast of Sea of Galilec

• Gichon/Siloam: Water source of Jerusalem

• Judaean Desert in between central hill and river Jordan

• Tel Qasile: northern costal city

• Athens: City in Greece

• Jordan (River + Valley) : Starts at spring and continues to dead sea

• Phoenicia: stretched from Lebanon through Israel

• Acco/Acre: city nortern shore of hour region"

• Golan Heights: water source for Jordan River, SW corner Syria

• C. 1200 BC: Beginning of Iron Age

• C. 1000 BC: David First Temple

• 720/722 BC: Kingdom of North fell

• 586 BC: Fall of Kingdom of Judea, End of Fronage

• 530 BC: Persians took over Babylonia

• 516 BC: Second temple was completed

• 1948: Establishment of Israel

• 1967: Conquered conquored teritories

• Pentapolis: 5 cities connected

• Greater Israel: similar to manifest destiny - Golan Heights, West Bank, Gaza

• Stratigraphic Methods of Tels to see how cities were built on cach other

• Israeli Settlements: israeli's settling is West bank + Gaza (illigale

• Davivdic Kingdom/Israelite Kingdoms is a Monarchy of ancient Israel ruled by descendants of King David

• Oslo Accords: sgried aggrement to create Palestinian Autonomy

• Palestinian Autonomy/Authority: promised first step to fully free palesime state, no army internai Sovereignty

• Modern State of Israel: Current Israel, not west bank or Gaza

• Ethnicity: nationality, what group you identify w/

• Religion: choice who/what you believe in

• Hieroglyphics: sacred = hieros (greek) glyphics = shapelleke

• Cuneiform: wedge (latin) w/ mud on tablet w/ Stylist

• Peaceful Infiltration Theory: Couldn't fight the philistine so moved onto comprai thi'l peacefully

• Unified Military Conquest: israelites conquored canaanite land as thy first moved in - lols of issues wl theory

• Via Maris: road of trade up south coast crosses Jezerch Vally

• Syncretism: merging beliefs and schools of thought

• Bronze Age Imperial Archives: Mari, Ugart (mesopotamia) and Tale of Sinuhe (love Story)

• First Temple: King Solomon 1000 BC, Temple Mount, destroyed

• Second Temple: Temple Mount 516 BC, destroyed 20 AD 586 BL

• Monotheism: word first created to mean one place of worship

• Kina Joshia

• Yehudi: Used to mean Jodah, hebrew word for Jew

• Judaism: those that returned from exile

• Bottleneck: everything must go through "our region"

• Narrative and History: Narrative is a Story, history, stud

West Bank

• Conquered from Jordan

• Automatically citizens of Jordan in 1948

• Those born after 1948 are "conquored pply"

• Isracli setters moving into WB w/ no country

• Tel: City built on city built on city

• City of David: First name for Jerusalem

• City-States: Collection of cities, each self-governed w/ rular

• Pre-History: anything before script - be fare Bronze Ag

• The lost 10 tribes of Israel:

• Bronze Age: 3000-1200 BC, canaanites, Egypt script, Civilizations

• Iron Age: began c. 1200, and by c. 586 BC, experienced a fall of Egypt along with a fall of monarchtes,

• New Comers brought Iron

• Deportation: Babylonians deported - Persians welcomed back 50 yrs later

• Fertile Crescent: water access, civilizations could exstor

• Syrian-African Rift: break in earth created walks way

• Occupied Territories: Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, West Brak

• The Book of Joshua: Story of military conquest theory

• Hills of Judaea + Samaria: Central hills nane for isralies

• Eastern Jerusalem: Jordans until 1967-thes conquored

• Western Jerusalem: Part of Israeli since 1948

• Pottery created in mesopotamia, gave rise to business

• Hamas, religion religious party that won election in 2006 - violently took ove

• PLO: Palestinian liberation Organication, Palestine accord allowed PLO to live in conquored territories political party First elected in 1996 Watreshed line: middle of central hills

• Serenityrant of te philistines

Overview of the Philistines, Edomites, Phoenicians, Nebuchadnezzar, Cyrus and Ben Gurion. The Philistines arrived at the end of the Bronze Age and were the first to bring Iron. The Phoenicians were settlers of present-day Lebanon during the Iron Age and created the alphabet.