Ancient Civilizations History

History

Ancient Civilizations

• Mesopotamia: Cradle of civilization, located in modern-day Iraq, known for inventions like the wheel and writing (c. 3500 BCE)
• Ancient Egypt: Built pyramids, developed hieroglyphics, and mummified pharaohs (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE)
• Ancient Greece: Birthplace of democracy, philosophy, and theater, known for city-states like Athens and Sparta (c. 8th century BCE - 146 CE)
• Ancient Rome: Expanded empire, developed laws, and built architecture like the Colosseum (c. 8th century BCE - 476 CE)

Middle Ages

• Fall of the Roman Empire (476 CE)
• Rise of Christianity and the Catholic Church
• Feudalism: System of lords, vassals, and serfs
• Crusades: Series of wars between Christians and Muslims (1095-1291)

Modern Era

• Renaissance: Revival of art, science, and culture in Europe (14th-17th centuries)
• Enlightenment: Era of reason, individualism, and scientific discovery (17th-18th centuries)
• Industrial Revolution: Transition from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing (18th-19th centuries)
• World Wars: Global conflicts that shaped the 20th century (1914-1918, 1939-1945)

Art

Art Movements

• Renaissance Art: Realistic, humanistic, and classical styles (14th-17th centuries)
  • Famous artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
• Baroque Art: Dramatic, ornate, and emotive styles (17th century)
  • Famous artists: Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Vermeer
• Impressionism: Focus on light, color, and everyday life ( late 19th century)
  • Famous artists: Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Mary Cassatt
• Modern Art: Experimentation with new forms, materials, and concepts (early 20th century)
  • Famous artists: Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí, Frida Kahlo

Famous Artists

• Vincent van Gogh: Post-Impressionist painter, known for bold colors and expressive brushstrokes
• Johannes Vermeer: Dutch painter, known for intricate details and domestic scenes
• Francisco Goya: Spanish painter, known for bold and expressive works
• Claude Monet: Impressionist painter, known for capturing light and color in outdoor scenes

History

Ancient Civilizations

• Mesopotamia is considered the cradle of civilization, located in modern-day Iraq, and is credited with inventions like the wheel and writing (c. 3500 BCE)
• Ancient Egypt is known for building pyramids, developing hieroglyphics, and mummifying pharaohs (c. 3100 BCE - 30 BCE)
• Ancient Greece is the birthplace of democracy, philosophy, and theater, and is known for city-states like Athens and Sparta (c. 8th century BCE - 146 CE)
• Ancient Rome expanded its empire, developed laws, and built architecture like the Colosseum (c. 8th century BCE - 476 CE)

Middle Ages

• The Roman Empire fell in 476 CE
• Christianity and the Catholic Church rose to prominence during this time
• Feudalism was a system of lords, vassals, and serfs that dominated medieval society
• The Crusades were a series of wars between Christians and Muslims (1095-1291)

Modern Era

• The Renaissance was a revival of art, science, and culture in Europe (14th-17th centuries)
• The Enlightenment was an era of reason, individualism, and scientific discovery (17th-18th centuries)
• The Industrial Revolution was a transition from manual labor to machine-based manufacturing (18th-19th centuries)
• World Wars were global conflicts that shaped the 20th century (1914-1918, 1939-1945)

Art

Art Movements

Renaissance Art

• Characterized by realistic, humanistic, and classical styles (14th-17th centuries)
• Famous artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael

Baroque Art

• Characterized by dramatic, ornate, and emotive styles (17th century)
• Famous artists include Caravaggio, Rembrandt, and Vermeer

Impressionism

• Focused on light, color, and everyday life (late 19th century)
• Famous artists include Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Mary Cassatt

Modern Art

• Characterized by experimentation with new forms, materials, and concepts (early 20th century)
• Famous artists include Pablo Picasso, Salvador Dalí, and Frida Kahlo

Famous Artists

• Vincent van Gogh was a Post-Impressionist painter known for bold colors and expressive brushstrokes
• Johannes Vermeer was a Dutch painter known for intricate details and domestic scenes
• Francisco Goya was a Spanish painter known for bold and expressive works
• Claude Monet was an Impressionist painter known for capturing light and color in outdoor scenes